REVIEW OF LANZAR POWER AMPLIFIER
Frankly speaking, I was very surprised that the expression SOUND AMPLIFIER was gaining so much popularity. As far as my worldview allows me, only one object can act under the sound amplifier - a horn. It has really been amplifying sound for decades now. Moreover, the horn can amplify sound in both directions.
As can be seen from the photo, the horn has nothing in common with electronics, however, search queries for POWER AMPLIFIER are increasingly being replaced by SOUND AMPLIFIER, and the full name of this device, AUDITORY FREQUENCY POWER AMPLIFIER, is entered only 29 times a month versus 67,000 searches for SOUND AMPLIFIER.
I’m just curious what this is connected with... But that was a prologue, and now the fairy tale itself:
The schematic diagram of the LANZAR power amplifier is shown in Figure 1. This is an almost standard symmetrical circuit, which has made it possible to seriously reduce nonlinear distortions to a very low level.
This circuit has been known for quite a long time; back in the eighties, Bolotnikov and Ataev presented a similar circuit on a domestic element base in the book “Practical circuits for high-quality sound reproduction.” However, work with this circuitry did not begin with this amplifier.
It all started with the PPI 4240 car amplifier circuit, which was successfully repeated:
Schematic diagram of the PPI 4240 car amplifier
Next was the article “Opening Amplifier -2” from Iron Shikhman (the article has unfortunately been removed from the author’s website). It dealt with the circuitry of the Lanzar RK1200C car amplifier, where the same symmetrical circuitry was used as an amplifier.
It is clear that it is better to see once than to hear a hundred times, so delving into my hundred-year-old recorded discs, I found the original article and present it as a quote:
OPENING THE AMPLIFIER - 2
A.I. Shikhatov 2002
A new approach to the design of amplifiers involves the creation of a line of devices using similar circuit solutions, common components and style. This allows, on the one hand, to reduce design and manufacturing costs, and on the other hand, it expands the choice of equipment when creating an audio system.
The new line of Lanzar RACK amplifiers is designed in the spirit of rack-mounted studio equipment. The front panel, measuring 12.2 x 2.3 inches (310 x 60 mm), contains controls, and the rear panel contains all connectors. This arrangement not only improves the appearance of the system, but also simplifies the work - cables do not get in the way. On the front panel you can mount the included mounting strips and carrying handles, then the device takes on a studio look. The ring illumination of the sensitivity control only enhances the similarity.
The radiators are located on the side surface of the amplifier, which allows you to stack several devices in a rack without interfering with their cooling. This is an undoubted convenience when creating extensive audio systems. However, when installing in a closed rack, you need to worry about air circulation - install supply and exhaust fans, temperature sensors. In short, professional equipment requires a professional approach in everything.
The line includes six two-channel and two four-channel amplifiers, differing only in output power and cabinet length.
The block diagram of the crossover of the Lanzar RK series amplifiers is shown in Figure 1. A detailed diagram is not given, since there is nothing original in it, and it is not this unit that determines the main characteristics of the amplifier. The same or similar structure is used in most modern mid-priced amplifiers. The range of functions and characteristics are optimized taking into account many factors:
On the one hand, the crossover capabilities should allow the construction of standard audio system options (front plus subwoofer) without additional components. On the other hand, there is little point in introducing a full set of functions into a built-in crossover: This will significantly increase the cost, but in many cases it will remain unclaimed. It is more convenient to delegate complex tasks to external crossovers and equalizers, and to disable the built-in ones.
The design uses dual KIA4558S operational amplifiers. These are low-noise, low-distortion amplifiers designed with "audio" applications in mind. As a result, they are widely used in preamp stages and crossovers.
The first stage is a linear amplifier with variable gain. It matches the output voltage of the signal source with the sensitivity of the power amplifier, since the gain of all other stages is equal to unity.
The next stage is the bass boost control. In amplifiers of this series, it allows you to increase the signal level at a frequency of 50 Hz by 18 dB. In products from other companies, the rise is usually less (6-12 dB), and the tuning frequency can be in the region of 35-60 Hz. By the way, such a regulator requires a good power reserve of the amplifier: an increase in gain by 3 dB corresponds to doubling the power, by 6 dB - quadrupling, and so on.
This is reminiscent of the legend about the inventor of chess, who asked the Raja for one grain for the first square of the board, and for each subsequent one - twice as many grains as for the previous one. The frivolous Raja could not fulfill his promise: there were no such quantity of grains on the entire Earth... We are in a more advantageous position: an increase in the level by 18 dB will increase the signal power “only” 64 times. In our case, 300 W are available, but not every amplifier can boast such a reserve.
The signal can then be fed directly to a power amplifier, or the required frequency band can be selected using filters. The crossover part consists of two independent filters. The low-pass filter is tunable in the range of 40-120 Hz and is designed to work exclusively with a subwoofer. The tuning range of the high-pass filter is noticeably wider: from 150 Hz to 1.5 kHz. In this form, it can be used to work with a wideband front or for the MF-HF band in a system with channel amplification. The tuning limits, by the way, were chosen for a reason: in the range from 120 to 150 Hz there is a “hole” in which the acoustic resonance of the cabin can be hidden. It is also noteworthy that the bass booster is not turned off in any of the modes. Using this cascade simultaneously with a high-pass filter allows you to adjust the frequency response in the interior resonance region no worse than using an equalizer.
The last cascade has a secret. Its task is to invert the signal in one of the channels. This will allow you to use the amplifier in a bridge connection without additional devices.
Structurally, the crossover is made on a separate printed circuit board, which is connected to the amplifier board using a connector. This solution allows the entire line of amplifiers to use only two crossover options: two-channel and four-channel. The latter, by the way, is simply a “double” version of the two-channel one and its sections are completely independent. The main difference is the changed layout of the printed circuit board.
Amplifier
The Lanzar power amplifier is made according to a typical scheme for modern designs, shown in Figure 2. With minor variations, it can be found in most amplifiers of the middle and lower price category. The only difference is in the types of parts used, the number of output transistors and supply voltage. The diagram of the right channel of the amplifier is shown. The left channel circuit is exactly the same, only the part numbers start with a one instead of a two.
A filter R242-R243-C241 is installed at the amplifier input, eliminating radio frequency interference from the power supply. Capacitor C240 does not allow the DC component of the signal to enter the power amplifier input. These circuits do not affect the frequency response of the amplifier in the audio frequency range.
To avoid clicks when turning on and off, the amplifier input is connected to a common wire with a transistor switch (this unit is discussed below, together with the power supply). Resistor R11A eliminates the possibility of self-excitation of the amplifier when the input is closed.
The amplifier circuit is completely symmetrical from input to output. A double differential stage (Q201-Q204) at the input and a stage on transistors Q205, Q206 provide voltage amplification, the remaining stages provide current amplification. The cascade on transistor Q207 stabilizes the quiescent current of the amplifier. To eliminate its "unbalance" at high frequencies, it is bypassed with a mylar capacitor C253.
The driver stage on transistors Q208, Q209, as befits a preliminary stage, operates in class A. A “floating” load is connected to its output - resistor R263, from which the signal is removed to excite the transistors of the output stage.
The output stage uses two pairs of transistors, which made it possible to extract 300 W of rated power and up to 600 W of peak power. Resistors in the base and emitter circuits eliminate the consequences of technological variation in the characteristics of transistors. In addition, resistors in the emitter circuit serve as current sensors for the overload protection system. It is made on transistor Q230 and controls the current of each of the four transistors in the output stage. When the current through an individual transistor increases to 6 A or the current of the entire output stage to 20 A, the transistor opens, issuing a command to the blocking circuit of the supply voltage converter.
The gain is set by the negative feedback circuit R280-R258-C250 and is equal to 16. Correction capacitors C251, C252, C280 ensure the stability of the amplifier covered by OOS. The circuit R249, C249 connected at the output compensates for the increase in load impedance at ultrasonic frequencies and also prevents self-excitation. In the audio circuits of the amplifier, only two electrolytic non-polar capacitors are used: C240 at the input and C250 in the OOS circuit. Due to their large capacity, it is extremely difficult to replace them with other types of capacitors.
Power supply The high-power power supply is made of field-effect transistors. A special feature of the power supply is the separate output stages of the converter for powering the power amplifiers of the left and right channels. This structure is typical for high-power amplifiers and makes it possible to reduce transient interference between channels. For each converter there is a separate LC filter in the power supply circuit (Figure 3). Diodes D501, D501A protect the amplifier from erroneous switching on in the wrong polarity.
Each converter uses three pairs of field-effect transistors and a transformer wound on a ferrite ring. The output voltage of the converters is rectified by diode assemblies D511, D512, D514, D515 and smoothed by filter capacitors with a capacity of 3300 μF. The output voltage of the converter is not stabilized, so the power of the amplifier depends on the voltage of the on-board network. From the negative voltage of the right and positive voltage of the left channel, parametric stabilizers generate voltages of +15 and -15 volts to power the crossover and differential stages of power amplifiers.
The master oscillator uses the KIA494 (TL494) microcircuit. Transistors Q503, Q504 increase the output of the microcircuit and speed up the closing of the key transistors of the output stage. The supply voltage is supplied to the master oscillator constantly, the switching is controlled directly from the Remote circuit of the signal source. This solution simplifies the design, but when turned off, the amplifier consumes insignificant quiescent current (several milliamps).
The protection device is made on a KIA358S chip containing two comparators. The supply voltage is supplied to it directly from the Remote circuit of the signal source. Resistors R518-R519-R520 and a temperature sensor form a bridge, the signal from which is fed to one of the comparators. A signal from the overload sensor is supplied to another comparator through a driver on transistor Q501.
When the amplifier overheats, a high voltage level appears at pin 2 of the microcircuit, and the same level appears at pin 8 when the amplifier is overloaded. In any emergency case, signals from the output of the comparators through the OR diode circuit (D505, D506, R603) block the operation of the master oscillator at pin 16. Operation is restored after eliminating the causes of the overload or cooling the amplifier below the temperature sensor response threshold.
The overload indicator is designed in an original way: the LED is connected between the +15 V voltage source and the on-board network voltage. During normal operation, voltage is applied to the LED in reverse polarity and it does not light. When the converter is blocked, the +15 V voltage disappears, the overload indicator LED turns on between the on-board voltage source and the common wire in the forward direction and begins to glow.
Transistors Q504, Q93, Q94 are used to block the input of the power amplifier during transient processes when turning on and off. When the amplifier is turned on, capacitor C514 is slowly charged, transistor Q504 is in the open state at this time. The signal from the collector of this transistor opens the keys Q94,Q95. After charging the capacitor, transistor Q504 closes, and the -15 V voltage from the output of the power supply reliably blocks the keys. When the amplifier is turned off, transistor Q504 instantly opens through diode D509, the capacitor quickly discharges and the process is repeated in the reverse order.
Design
The amplifier is mounted on two printed circuit boards. On one of them there is an amplifier and a voltage converter, on the other there are crossover elements and turn-on and overload indicators (not shown in the diagrams). The boards are made of high-quality fiberglass with a protective coating for the tracks and are mounted in a housing made of an aluminum U-shaped profile. Powerful transistors of the amplifier and power supply are pressed with pads to the side shelves of the case. Profiled radiators are attached to the outside of the sides. The front and rear panels of the amplifier are made of anodized aluminum profile. The entire structure is secured with self-tapping screws with hexagon heads. That's all, actually - the rest can be seen in the photographs.
As you can see from the article, the original LANZAR amplifier itself is not bad at all, but I wanted it to be better...
I searched the forums, of course, Vegalab, but didn’t find much support - only one person responded. Perhaps it’s for the better - there aren’t a ton of co-authors. Well, in general, this particular appeal can be considered Lanzar’s birthday - at the time of writing the comment, the board was already etched and soldered almost completely.
So Lanzar is already ten years old...
After several months of experiments, the first version of this amplifier, called "LANZAR", was born, although of course it would be fairer to call it "PIPIAY" - it all started with him. However, the word LANZAR sounds much more pleasant to the ear.
If someone SUDDENLY considers the name an attempt to play on a brand name, then I dare to assure him that there was nothing like that in mind and the amplifier could have received absolutely any name. However, it became LANAZR in honor of the LANZAR company, since this particular automotive equipment is included in that small list of those who are personally respected by the team that worked on fine-tuning this amplifier.
A wide range of supply voltages makes it possible to build an amplifier with a power from 50 to 350 W, and at powers up to 300 W for UMZCH coffee. nonlinear distortion does not exceed 0.08% throughout the entire audio range, which allows the amplifier to be classified as Hi-Fi.
The figure shows the appearance of the amplifier.
The amplifier circuit is completely symmetrical from input to output. A double differential stage (VT1-VT4) at the input and a stage on transistors VT5, VT6 provide voltage amplification, the remaining stages provide current amplification. The cascade on transistor VT7 stabilizes the quiescent current of the amplifier. To eliminate its “asymmetry” at high frequencies, it is bypassed with capacitor C12.
The driver stage on transistors VT8, VT9, as befits a preliminary stage, operates in class A. A “floating” load is connected to its output - resistor R21, from which the signal is removed to excite the transistors of the output stage. The output stage uses two pairs of transistors, which made it possible to extract up to 300 W of rated power from it. Resistors in the base and emitter circuits eliminate the consequences of technological variation in the characteristics of transistors, which made it possible to abandon the selection of transistors by parameters.
We remind you that when using transistors from the same batch, the spread in parameters between transistors does not exceed 2% - this is the manufacturer’s data. In reality, it is extremely rare that parameters go beyond the three percent zone. The amplifier uses only “one-party” terminal transistors, which, together with balance resistors, made it possible to maximally align the operating modes of the transistors with each other. However, if the amplifier is being made for a loved one, then it will not be useless to assemble the test stand given at the end of THIS ARTICLE.
Regarding the circuitry, it only remains to add that such a circuitry solution provides one more advantage - complete symmetry eliminates transient processes in the final stage (!), i.e. at the moment of switching on, there are no surges at the output of the amplifier, which are characteristic of most discrete amplifiers.
Figure 1 - schematic diagram of the LANZAR amplifier. INCREASE .
Figure 2 - appearance of the LANZAR V1 amplifier.
Figure 3 - appearance of the LANZAR MINI amplifier
Schematic diagram of a powerful stage power amplifier 200 W 300 W 400 W UMZCH on high quality transistors Hi-Fi UMZCH
Power amplifier specifications:
390
As can be seen from the characteristics, the Lanzar amplifier is very versatile and can be successfully used in any power amplifiers that require good UMZCH characteristics and high output power.
You can, of course, praise this amplifier for quite a long time, but it is somehow not modest to engage in self-praise. Therefore, we decided to look at the reviews of those who heard how it works. I didn’t have to search for long - this amplifier has been discussed on the Soldering Iron forum for a long time, so take a look for yourself: There were, of course, negative ones, but the first was from an incorrectly assembled amplifier, the second from an unfinished version with a domestic configuration... The audio frequency power amplifier UM LANZAR based on powerful bipolar transistors will allow you to assemble a very high-quality audio frequency amplifier in a short period of time. Power supply ±70 V - 3.3 kOhm...3.9 kOhm Of course, ALL resistors are 1 W, zener diodes at 15V are preferably 1.3 W Regarding heating VT5, V6 - in this case you can increase the radiators on them or increase their emitter resistors from 10 to 20 Ohms. About LANZAR amplifier power filter capacitors: |
Since this amplifier is quite popular and questions about making it yourself quite often come up, the following articles were written:
Transistor amplifiers. Basics of circuit design
Transistor amplifiers. Building a balanced amplifier
Lanzar tuning and circuit design changes
Setting up the LANZAR power amplifier
Increasing the reliability of power amplifiers using the example of the LANZAR amplifier
The penultimate article quite intensively uses the results of parameter measurements using the MICROCAP-8 simulator. How to use this program is described in detail in a trilogy of articles:
AMPovichok. CHILDREN'S
AMPovichok. YOUTHFUL
AMPovichok. ADULT
BUY TRANSISTORS FOR LANZAR AMPLIFIER |
|
And finally, I would like to give the impressions of one of the fans of this circuit, who assembled this amplifier on his own:
The amplifier sounds very good, the high damping factor represents a completely different level of low frequency reproduction, and the high slew rate does an excellent job of reproducing even the smallest sounds in the high and midrange ranges.
You can talk a lot about the delights of the sound, but the main advantage of this amplifier is that it does not add any color to the sound - it is neutral in this regard, and only repeats and amplifies the signal from the sound source.
Many who heard the sound of this amplifier (assembled according to this circuit) gave the highest rating to its sound as a home amplifier for high-quality speakers, and its endurance in *close to military action* conditions gives the chance to use it professionally for scoring various outdoor events , as well as in the halls.
For a simple comparison, I will give an example that will be most relevant among radio amateurs, as well as among those already *experienced with good sound*
in the soundtrack of Gregorian-Moment of Peace, the choir of monks sounds so realistic that the sound seems to pass right through, and the female vocals sound as if the singer is standing right in front of the listener.
When using time-tested speakers such as 35ac012 and others like them, the speakers get a new lease of life and sound just as clearly even at maximum volume.
For example, for fans of loud music, when listening to the music track Korn ft. Skrillex - Get Up
The speakers were able to play all the difficult moments with confidence and without noticeable distortion.
As a contrast to this amplifier, we took an amplifier based on the TDA7294, which, already at a power of less than 70 W per 1 channel, was able to overload the 35ac012 so that it was clearly audible how the woofer coil hit the core, which was fraught with damage to the speaker and, as a result, losses.
The same cannot be said about the *LANZAR* amplifier - even with about 150W of power supplied to these speakers, the speakers continued to work perfectly, and the woofer was so well controlled that there were simply no extraneous sounds.
In the musical composition Evanescence - What You Want
The scene is so elaborate that you can even hear the drumsticks hitting each other. And in the composition Evanescence - Lithium Official Music Video
The skipping part is replaced by an electric guitar, so that the hair on your head just begins to move, because there is simply no *longness* to the sound, and the quick transitions are perceived as if a painful form of 1 is flashing in front of you, in one moment and YOU are immersed in a new world. Not forgetting about the vocals, which throughout the entire composition bring generalization to these transitions, giving harmony.
In the composition Nightwish - Nemo
The drums sound like gunshots, clearly and without boom, and the rumble of thunder at the beginning of the composition simply makes you look around.
In the composition Armin van Buuren ft. Sharon den Adel - In and Out of Love
We are again immersed in the world of sounds that penetrate us through and through, giving us a feeling of presence (and this is without any equalizers or additional stereo expansions)
In the song Johnny Cash Hurt
We are again immersed in the world of harmonious sound, and the vocals and guitar sound so clearly that even the increasing tempo of the performance is perceived as if we are sitting behind the wheel of a powerful car and pressing the gas pedal to the floor, while not letting go but pressing harder and harder.
With a good source of sound signal and good acoustics, the amplifier *doesn't bother you* at all, even at the highest volume.
Once a friend was visiting me and he wanted to listen to what this amplifier was capable of, putting on a track in AAC format Eagles - Hotel California, he turned it up to full volume, while instruments began to fall from the table, his chest felt like well-placed punches of a boxer , the glass tinkled in the wall, and we were quite comfortable listening to music, while the room was 14.5 m2 with a ceiling of 2.4 m.
We installed ed_solo-age_of_dub, the glass in two doors cracked, the sound was felt by the whole body, but the head did not hurt.
The board on the basis of which video was made in LAY-5 format.
If you assemble two LANZAR amplifiers, can they be bridged?
You can, of course, but first, a little poetry:
For a typical amplifier, the output power depends on the supply voltage and load resistance. Since we know the load resistance and we already have power supplies, it remains to be seen how many pairs of output transistors to use.
Theoretically, the total output power of alternating voltage is the sum of the power supplied by the output stage, which consists of two transistors - one n-p-n, the second p-n-p, therefore each transistor is loaded with half the total power. For the sweet couple 2SA1943 and 2SC5200, the thermal power is 150 W, therefore, based on the above conclusion, 300 W can be removed from one pair of outputs.
But practice shows that in this mode the crystal simply does not have time to transfer heat to the radiator and thermal breakdown is guaranteed, because the transistors must be insulated, and the insulating spacers, no matter how thin they are, still increase the thermal resistance, and the surface of the radiator is unlikely to who polishes to micron precision...
So for normal operation, for normal reliability, quite a lot of people have adopted slightly different formulas for calculating the required number of output transistors - the output power of the amplifier should not exceed the thermal power of one transistor, and not the total power of the pair. In other words, if each transistor of the output stage can dissipate 150 W, then the output power of the amplifier should not exceed 150 W, if there are two pairs of output transistors, then the output power should not exceed 300 W, if three - 450, if four - 600.
Well, now the question is - if a typical amplifier can output 300W and we connect two such amplifiers in a bridge, then what will happen?
That's right, the output power will increase approximately twofold, but the thermal power dissipated by the transistors will increase by 4 times...
So it turns out that to build a bridge circuit you will no longer need 2 pairs of outputs, but 4 on each half of the bridge amplifier.
And then we ask ourselves the question - is it necessary to drive 8 pairs of expensive transistors to get 600 W, if you can get by with four pairs simply by increasing the supply voltage?
Well, of course, it’s the owner’s business....
Well, several options of PRINTED BOARDS for this amplifier will not be superfluous. There are also original versions, and some taken from the Internet, so it’s better to double-check the board - it will give you mental training and fewer problems when adjusting the assembled version. Some options have been corrected, so there may not be any errors, or maybe something has slipped through the cracks...
One more question remains unanswered - assembly of the LANZAR amplifier on a domestic element base.
Of course, I understand that crab sticks are made not from crabs, but from fish. So is Lanzar. The fact is that in all attempts to assemble on domestic transistors, the most popular ones are used - KT815, KT814, KT816, KT817, KT818, KT819. These transistors have a lower gain and a unity gain frequency, so you won’t hear Lanzarov’s sound. But there is always an alternative. At one time, Bolotnikov and Ataev proposed something similar in circuit design, which also sounded pretty good:
You can see more details about how much power a power supply is needed for a power amplifier in the video below. The STONECOLD amplifier is taken as an example, but this measurement makes it clear that the power of the network transformer may be less than the power of the amplifier by about 30%.
At the end of the article, I would like to note that this amplifier requires a BIPOLARY power supply, since the output voltage is formed from the positive side of the power supply and the negative one. The diagram of such a power supply is shown below:
You can draw conclusions about the overall power of the transformer by watching the video above, but I’ll give a short explanation about the other details.
The secondary winding must be wound with a wire whose cross-section is designed for the overall power of the transformer plus an adjustment for the shape of the core.
For example, we have two channels of 150 W each, therefore the overall power of the transformer must be at least 2/3 of the power of the amplifier, i.e. with an amplifier power of 300 W, the transformer power must be at least 200 W. With a power supply of ±40 V into a 4 Ohm load, the amplifier develops about 160 W per channel, therefore the current flowing through the wire is 200 W / 40 V = 5 A.
If the transformer has an W-shaped core, then the voltage in the wire should not exceed 2.5 A per square mm of cross-section - this way there is less heating of the wire, and the voltage drop is less. If the core is toroidal, then the voltage can be increased to 3...3.5 A per 1 square mm of wire cross-section.
Based on the above, for our example, the secondary must be wound with two wires and the beginning of one winding is connected to the ends of the second winding (the connection point is marked in red). The diameter of the wire is D = 2 x √S/π.
At a voltage of 2.5 A we get a diameter of 1.6 mm, at a voltage of 3.5 A we get a diameter of 1.3 mm.
The diode bridge VD1-VD4 not only must calmly withstand the resulting current of 5 A, it must withstand the current that occurs at the moment of switching on, when it is necessary to charge the power filter capacitors C3 and C4, and the higher the voltage, the greater the capacitance, the higher the value of this starting current. Therefore, the diodes must be at least 15 Amperes for our example, and in the case of increasing the supply voltage and using amplifiers with two pairs of transistors in the final stage, 30-40 Ampere diodes or a soft start system are needed.
The capacity of capacitors C3 and C4, based on Soviet circuit design, is 1000 μF for every 50 W of amplifier power. For our example, the total output power is 300 W, which is 6 times 50 W, therefore the capacitance of the power filter capacitors should be 6000 uF per arm. But 6000 is not a typical value, so we round up to the typical value and get 6800 µF.
Frankly speaking, such capacitors do not come across often, so we put 3 capacitors of 2200 μF in each arm and get 6600 μF, which is quite acceptable. The issue can be solved somewhat simpler - use one 10,000 µF capacitor
Having a powerful, high-quality subwoofer is the desire of every car enthusiast who values high-quality, loud sound and deep low frequencies (bass). The project was implemented in the summer of 2012 and took as much as 3 months; this delay was due to the shortage of many components that were used in the project. The device is a complex of amplifiers with a total power of about 750-800 watts. In several articles I will try to explain in detail the design of a subwoofer amplifier using the Lanzar circuit.
A voltage converter, a filter-adder, a stabilizer block and dynamic head protection are the component parts for the operation of such an amplifier. The voltage converter produces 500 watts of power, and all of these 500 watts are used to power the main amplifier. The lanzar's power can reach up to 360-390 watts, although the maximum power is obtained with increased power and is quite dangerous for individual parts of the amplifier.
Such an amplifier powers a powerful homemade subwoofer based on a SONY XPLOD dynamic head with a rated power of 300-350 watts, maximum (short-term power) up to 1000 watts. In a separate article we will look at the process of making a subwoofer box and all the subtleties associated with it. The case was used from a DVD player and fit perfectly. To cool the main amplifier, a huge heat sink from a Soviet radio amplifier was used. There is also a high-speed laptop cooler to remove warm air from the case.
Let's start looking at the design with a voltage converter, since this is what will need to be done first. The entire operation of the structure depends on the accurate operation of the converter. It provides a bipolar output voltage of 60 volts per arm - this is exactly what is needed to provide the specified output power of the amplifier.
The voltage converter, despite its simple design, develops a power of 500 watts, and in force majeure situations up to 650 watts. TL494 is a two-channel PWM controller, a rectangular pulse generator tuned to a frequency of 45-50 kHz is the engine of this converter, and this is where it all begins.
To amplify the output signal, a driver is assembled using low-power bipolar transistors of the BC556 (557) series.
The pre-amplified signal is fed through limiting resistors to the gates of powerful power switches. This circuit uses powerful N-channel field-effect transistors of the IRF3205 series, there are 4 of them in the circuit.
The converter transformer was initially wound on two cores (W-shaped) from the ATX power supply, but then the design changed and a new transformer was wound. Ring from an electronic transformer for powering halogen lamps (power 150-230 watts). The transformer contains two windings. The primary winding is wound with 10 strands of 0.5-0.7 mm wire at once and contains 2X5 turns. Winding is done like this. To begin, we take a test wire and wind 5 turns, stretching the turns around the entire ring. We unwind the wire and measure its length. We take measurements with a margin of 5 cm. Next, we take 10 cores of the same wire - we twist the ends of the wires. We make two such blanks - 2 buses of 10 cores each. Then we try to wind it as evenly as possible around the entire ring, you get 5 turns. Then you need to separate the tires, in the end we get two equal halves of the winding.
We connect the beginning of one winding with the end of the second winding, or vice versa - the end of the first with the beginning of the second. Thus, we have phased the windings and the circuit can be checked. To do this, we connect the transformer to the circuit, and wind a test winding (secondary) on the ring. The winding can contain any number of turns; it is better to wind 2-6 turns of 0.5-1mm wire.
The first start of the converter is best done through a 20-60 watt lamp (halogen).
After winding the test secondary winding, we start the converter. We connect an incandescent lamp with a power of a couple of watts to the test winding. The lamp should glow, while the transistors (if without heat sinks) should heat up slightly during operation.
If everything is normal, then you can wind a real winding; if the circuit does not work properly or does not work at all, then you need to turn off the gates of the transistors and use an oscilloscope to check for the presence of rectangular pulses on pins 9 and 10. If there is generation, then the problem is most likely in the transistors, if they are also normal, then the transformer is incorrectly phased, you need to change the beginning and end of the windings (phasing was discussed in part 2).
The secondary winding is wound according to the same principle as the primary winding and is phased in the same way. The winding contains 2X18 turns and is wound with 8 strands of 0.5 mm wire at once. The winding needs to be stretched across the entire ring. The midpoint tap will be the body, since we are required to obtain bipolar voltage. The output voltage is obtained at an increased frequency, so the multimeter is not capable of measuring it.
The diode rectifier in my case was assembled from powerful domestic diodes of the KD213A series. The reverse voltage of the diode is 200V, with a current of up to 10A. These diodes can operate at frequencies up to 100kHz - an excellent option for our case. You can also use other powerful pulse diodes with a reverse voltage of at least 180 Volts. Good evening, gentlemen radio amateurs! It all started with the fact that in his home UMZCH had long wanted to abandon cheap TDA-sheks and move to a higher level - a decent transistor audio amplifier. I read many pages of a wide variety of forums, looked through various photo galleries, reviewed reviews... and decided to try to assemble a new one for myself; the choice fell on a very well-known Lanzar amplifier with good characteristics. Then a month was spent studying all possible types of circuits for this amplifier and choosing the optimal one and the one that was suitable in terms of characteristics.
Schematic diagram of ULF Lanzar
It seemed to me relatively easy to repeat and customize, although it is the one that gets the most attention on all the forums! Well, I went to the radio market, bought parts, the price cost me 110 UAH - a lot for a student, I’ll tell you, but the end result was worth it, more on that later... I set about making a printed circuit board, with etching took an hour and a half. I poisoned with ferric chloride, I’m not used to it yet since I mainly use copper sulfate. After preparing the board of the future, Lanzara took up soldering, first of all, jumpers were soldered in, then resistors, capacitors, transistors...
Having soldered the board, we move on to the main thing - setting the no-load current of the UMZCH. Here everything was simple for me - I set the trimmer to the average value, soldered it, checked the board for snot and turned it on. Even without fuses (not like light bulbs). Lanzar started up immediately, drove it for 15 minutes until the VC warmed up, but the trimmer did not pull, measured the voltage drop on the five-watt resistors - it did not change, no noise or other noticeable distortions were detected with an oscilloscope, which showed the high repeatability of this circuit!
Now about the impressions of the sound: earlier when listening tda7294
for at least an hour and the subsequent exception it felt as if a tightly stretched helmet had been removed from my head, then I realized that this was due to a lack of midrange frequencies tda7294
.
Now it’s time to load the lanzar with a pair of low-power speakers, since my power supply is +-22V test, then small 25-watt speakers were just right for it.
Photo of the finished UMZCH
As you can see from the pictures, the power supply capacitors are not very fat, only 470 uF, but in terms of voltage they have a large margin, since it is planned in the future to power Lanzar from +- 65V! These speakers were connected to the amplifier during the setup process.
In this article I will show my Lanzar amplifier.The amplifier was assembled half a year ago to order, but in the end the customer changed his mind and I abandoned work on it.
I remembered about him only now, when the competition began. The amplifier is almost complete, all that is missing is a couple of field switches in the converter and we need to achieve adequate protection, but everything is ready. Unfortunately, I will not conduct tests of the amplifier in the video, the two main reasons are the lack of a powerful 12 volt power source and the second - the 100 watt test speaker gave up life during the previous tests, the diffuser simply jumped out along with the coil, now I am without a speaker :) for Then I measured the power, at 5 - almost 6 ohms it was 300-310 watts.
One thing that surprises me about this amplifier is that with an output power of almost 300 watts, the output transistors do not burn out, although they were bought on eBay for 100 rubles/pair.
Below is the amplifier circuit
The circuit was taken from the Internet, as was the printed circuit board.
Now let's look at the converter circuit
I drew the circuit myself, here we see a voltage converter on IR2153, the frequency of the converter is 70 kHz, IRF3205 are used as power transistors, 2 pieces per arm.
And – the converter’s power can be supplied (through a fuse, of course) directly to the battery, because the converter will turn on only when 12 volts are supplied from the radio to the REM contact, namely to the power leg of the microcircuit. Here's a clever launch scheme. By the way, the cooler is powered not directly from the battery, but from a separate output of the converter specifically so that it turns on only when the amplifier itself is turned on, and does not spin endlessly, which would greatly reduce its lifespan.
The transformer is wound on two folded rings with a permeability of 2000
The primary winding contains 5 turns per arm with 0.8 mm wire in 10 cores. The main secondary winding has 26+26 turns with the same wire of 4 cores. The low-pass filter power winding contains 8+8 turns of the same wire. The winding for powering the cooler is 8 turns.
At the output we have a bipolar voltage of +- 60 volts to power the amplifier itself and the protection unit, a bipolar stabilized +-15 volt to power the low-pass filter, and a unipolar stabilized 12 volt to power the cooler. All voltages are rectified by diode bridges. The main output is 4 FCF10A40 10 Ampere 400 Volt diodes, they are placed on the radiator. The remaining bridges are built from ultra-fast 1 Amp UF4007 diodes.
There is no low-pass filter or protection circuit, but there are printed circuit boards with all component ratings.
This is what I ended up with
The schematic diagram of the amplifier is shown in Figure 1. This is an almost standard symmetrical circuit, which has made it possible to seriously reduce nonlinear distortion to a very low level.
To enlarge small drawings, click on it - the drawing will open in a new window and in VERY good quality.
A wide range of supply voltages makes it possible to build an amplifier with a power from 50 to 350 W, and at powers up to 300 W for UMZCH coffee. nonlinear distortion does not exceed 0.08% throughout the entire audio range, which allows the amplifier to be classified as Hi-Fi.
Figure 2 shows the appearance of the amplifier.
The amplifier circuit is completely symmetrical from input to output. A double differential stage (VT1-VT4) at the input and a stage on transistors VT5, VT6 provide voltage amplification, the remaining stages provide current amplification. The cascade on transistor VT7 stabilizes the quiescent current of the amplifier. To eliminate its “asymmetry” at high frequencies, it is bypassed with capacitor C12.
The driver stage on transistors VT8, VT9, as befits a preliminary stage, operates in class A. A “floating” load is connected to its output - resistor R21, from which the signal is removed to excite the transistors of the output stage. The output stage uses two pairs of transistors, which made it possible to extract up to 300 W of rated power from it. Resistors in the base and emitter circuits eliminate the consequences of technological variation in the characteristics of transistors, which made it possible to abandon the selection of transistors by parameters.
We remind you that when using transistors from the same batch, the spread in parameters between transistors does not exceed 2% - this is the manufacturer’s data. In reality, it is extremely rare that parameters go beyond the three percent zone. The amplifier uses only “one-party” terminal transistors, which, together with balance resistors, made it possible to maximally align the operating modes of the transistors with each other.
Regarding the circuitry, it only remains to add that such a circuitry solution provides one more advantage - complete symmetry eliminates transient processes in the final stage (!), i.e. at the moment of switching on, the output of the amplifier is free of any surges characteristic of most discrete amplifiers.
Figure 1 - schematic diagram of the amplifier.
Figure 2 - appearance of the amplifier.
Schematic diagram of a powerful stage power amplifier 200 W 300 W 400 W UMZCH on high quality transistors Hi-Fi UMZCH
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PARAMETER |
PER LOAD |
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2 Ohm |
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Maximum supply voltage, ± V |
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390 |
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240 |
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Gain coefficient, dB |
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Non-linear distortion at 2/3 of maximum power, % |
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Output signal slew rate, not less than V/µS |
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Input impedance, kOhm |
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Signal-to-noise ratio, not less, dB |
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As can be seen from the characteristics, this amplifier is very versatile and can be successfully used in any power amplifiers that require good UMZCH characteristics and high output power.
The operating modes were slightly adjusted, which required installing a radiator on transistors VT 5-VT 6. How to do this is shown in Figure 3, perhaps no explanation is required. This change significantly reduced the level of distortion compared to the original circuit and made the amplifier less capricious of the supply voltage.
Figure 4 shows a drawing of the location of parts on the printed circuit board and a connection diagram.
Figure 4
You can, of course, praise this amplifier for quite a long time, but it is somehow not modest to engage in self-praise. Therefore, we decided to look at the reviews of those who heard how it works. I didn’t have to search for long - this amplifier has been discussed on the Soldering Iron forum for a long time, so take a look for yourself:
There were, of course, negative ones, but the first was from an incorrectly assembled amplifier, the second from an unfinished version with a domestic configuration...
For those who want to assemble an amplifier themselves, we recommend visiting this page - several recommendations are outlined there, a drawing of the printed circuit board is provided in jpg and lay. It will also be useful to read the theory from A to Z and a few words about tuning this amplifier - usually a huge number of questions disappear...
Quite often people ask how an amplifier sounds. We hope that there is no need to remind you that there are no comrades according to taste and color. Therefore, in order not to impose our opinion on you, we will not answer this question. Let's note one thing - the amplifier really sounds. The sound is pleasant, not intrusive, good detail, with a good signal source.
The audio frequency power amplifier UM LANZAR based on powerful bipolar transistors will allow you to assemble a very high-quality audio frequency amplifier in a short period of time.
Structurally, the amplifier board is made in a monophonic version. However, nothing prevents you from purchasing 2 amplifier boards for assembling a stereo UMZCH, or 5 for assembling a 5.1 amplifier, although of course the high output power appeals more to a subwoofer, but it plays too well for a subwoofer...
Considering that the board is already soldered and tested, all you have to do is attach the transistors to the heat sink, apply power and adjust the quiescent current in accordance with your supply voltage.
The relatively low price of a ready-made 350 W power amplifier board will pleasantly surprise you.
The power amplifier UM LANZAR has proven itself well in both automotive and stationary equipment. It is especially popular among small amateur musical groups not burdened with large finances and allows you to increase power gradually - a pair of amplifiers + a pair of speaker systems. A little later, once again a pair of amplifiers + a pair of speaker systems and there is already a gain not only in power, but also in sound pressure, which also creates the effect of additional power. Even later, UM HOLTON 800 for a subwoofer and transfer of amplifiers to the mid-HF link and as a result, a total of 2 kW of VERY pleasant sound, which is quite enough for any assembly hall...
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