The viburnum bush is one of the most popular and widespread garden plants. Just a few decades ago he was considered uninteresting, boring, and without prospects. Today, viburnum has become a real star in gardens and summer cottages, parks and squares of large cities. It captivates with the splendor of its flowering, unsurpassed elegance and ease of cultivation.
Ornamental shrubs, unpretentious to climate and soil, as well as the amazing diversity of their species and forms have allowed them to become one of the most popular plants.
Among the various species and varieties there are deciduous and evergreen shrubs and trees, even plants that bloom in winter. Depending on the type, viburnum has different sizes, from large trees reaching a height of up to 3 meters, to very tiny, dwarf trees that easily fit in a small flower garden. It is almost impossible to find representatives of this amazing plant that are similar to each other. Small flowers with loose panicles are very different from large dense inflorescences of an ideal spherical shape, the aromas of each species are different and unique.
The habitat of numerous varieties of viburnum can be attributed to the temperate climate of the northern hemisphere; some species are found in the Andes, the Antilles, even Madagascar. In nature, the plant produces fruits in the form of a drupe berry, initially colored red-scarlet, which becomes black by the time it is fully ripe.
To date, breeders have developed numerous varieties of viburnum, which have found excellent application for landscape design. Let's take a closer look at the most popular types of shrubs.
Kalina Gordovina
In the photo there are berries of viburnum Gordovina
Viburnum gourd (V. lantana) is a tall shrub with a dense crown, the height of which reaches five meters, its diameter is from 2.5 to 3 meters. Beautiful oval-shaped leaves, strongly wrinkled, very dense to the touch, about 18 cm long. It begins to bloom in June with many corymbose inflorescences having a creamy white color. Flowering lasts 20-25 days. The bush becomes incredibly beautiful when the berries ripen, which are edible and shower it with bright red dots, turning into a rich black color.
Viburnum Gordovina during the flowering period
This view is one of the most beautiful ornamental plants, used for landscaping city parks, boulevards, squares. It is completely undemanding to soil fertility, resistant to drought, frost-resistant, its leaves are bright pink or red, rich black bunches of berries delight the eye until winter. It is good to combine the pride tree with deciduous trees such as linden or oak.
Kalina Buldenezh
In the photo there is a bush Viburnum Buldenezh
Viburnum buldenezh (Viburnum "Boulede Neige" - snow globe) is a very picturesque species, it does not bear fruit. It is famous for its snow-white inflorescences of regular spherical shape, which abundantly cover the bush during flowering. The flower petals start out greenish in color, which when opened becomes bright white, and towards the end of the process a pinkish tint is added to it. The flowers are absolutely sterile; neither stamens nor pistils are observed in them.
The variety has high resistance to severe frosts and easily copes with drought and lack of sunlight. All these qualities make this species indispensable for decorating any garden.
Viburnum Three-lobed
Viburnum triloba
Three-lobed viburnum (Viburnum trilobum Marsh) prefers moist forests and swamps for its habitat, and likes to grow on the banks of rivers in North America. It is a deciduous plant, its maximum height is 4-5 meters, and its diameter is 2.5-3.5 meters. The elegant flowering of this species of viburnum occurs at the very beginning of summer (May-June), when the bush is covered with large white umbrella inflorescences with a diameter of about 10 cm. With the onset of autumn, the leaves of the bush acquire a carmine-red hue, which looks extremely attractive. The berries are approximately 10 mm in size, regular spherical in shape, collected in clusters, and taste similar to black currants.
The plant is winter-hardy and is not susceptible to the destructive influence of insect pests, which makes it possible to collect good harvests berries Loves light, as well as a sufficient amount of moisture. Successfully propagated by seeds or cuttings.
Kalina Raita
In the photo there is a Wright's viburnum bush
Viburnum wrightii (Viburnum wrightii Miq) is a dense, tall (up to 2.5 m) branched bush with a straight trunk, the crown diameter of which reaches 1 meter. This type of viburnum was listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Sakhalin Region in 2008. As a fruit plant, the selection of this type of viburnum began only in the middle of the 20th century, when it was discovered that the fruits are of high value, have high shelf life and good transportability, and are easy to collect.
The fruit-bearing bush has all the qualities that allow it to be used for landscaping. It blooms profusely in spring with fragrant inflorescences. The leaves are beautiful, bright green in summer and turn vibrant purple or yellow in fall. The berries are very juicy, have a bright red color, and a spherical shape.
In frosty winters, young shoots of Viburnum raita may freeze, and during dry summers it may get sick. It calmly tolerates even strong shade, but in a sunny place it demonstrates rapid growth and high fruiting. Reproduces by seeds, root shoots and shoots.
Viburnum Viburnum
Viburnum fork
Viburnum fork (Viburnum furcatum Blume) is widespread on Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, is found in Korea, Japan, prefers the slopes of mountains and hills, feels great in both coniferous and mixed forests. It is a deciduous shrub reaching a height of 4 meters. It is distinguished by forked branching and foliage, which has a dark greenish-yellow color in summer and spring, which in the fall amazes with its raspberry-lilac hue. The shape of the leaves is round-ovate. The flowers are white, arranged in umbrella-shaped inflorescences, their diameter is approximately 10 cm. The fruits are oblong, fleshy, at first their color is bright red, and later they become black, with a bluish tint.
A heat-loving species that places high demands on humidity, soil fertility, and can easily tolerate a lack of sunlight. It is propagated by seeds, shoots from stumps, and rooted by shoots. Viburnum fork has achieved enormous popularity in landscaping in Western Europe since the 19th century; in our country it is still rarely used.
Viburnum canadian
Viburnum canada in autumn
Canadian viburnum (Viburnum lentago) feels good on the slopes of mountains and hills, the banks of lakes, rivers, swamps, and forest edges. It can be a shrub or a slender tree, the height of which reaches six meters. The leaves are large and wide, oval in shape, slightly pointed; in summer their color is dark green, by autumn they acquire a reddish tint. Small white flowers with a cream tint are neatly collected in beautiful corymbose inflorescences. Blooms profusely and beautifully within 2 weeks. The berries are blue-black in color and are edible.
The growth of the shrub is very fast, it is shade-tolerant and highly frost-resistant. Canadian viburnum is unpretentious to the composition of the soil, but is very picky about its moisture. It can be propagated by cuttings, layering or seeds.
Canadian viburnum grows well in urban conditions, as it is not sensitive to gases. Thanks to the ease of care and planting, as well as their high decorative value, bushes of this type have become a favorite landscaping element for gardens, squares, and parks. The lifespan of the plant is approximately 80 years.
Viburnum folded
Viburnum folded
Viburnum plicatum (Viburnum plicatum) is an Asian relative of the common viburnum. This is an ornamental shrub with a height of 1.5 to 3 meters, the branches of which grow almost horizontally, forming a stepped crown consisting of separate layers. The foliage is very beautiful, has a grassy green tint. Flowering occurs at the very beginning of summer. Thanks to the peculiar arrangement of the inflorescences, when their white layers seem to alternate with layers of carved green leaves, the result is something like a layer cake. This creates an unforgettable spectacular spectacle. The bright red berries appear in August, then they will turn a rich black color and are unsuitable for food.
In the photo, folded viburnum in autumn
The Viburnum foliata shrub is a true fall beauty, with the foliage turning such vibrant shades of orange and yellow that it looks like it was painted by an artist with acrylic paints. The branches arranged in loose tiers illustrate the Japanese style in the landscape. Its light, weightless crown and bright colors are suitable for many design areas.
Common viburnum or red viburnum
Red viburnum
Viburnum viburnum (Viburnum opulus) is the most common species in our country, which has long been used for decorative landscaping. It is a deciduous shrub or tree, up to 4 meters tall, with a crown diameter of approximately 3 meters. Flowering at the very beginning of summer. Large snow-white inflorescences cover the bush so densely that they can easily compete with the magnificent caps of tree-like hydrangeas. The plant becomes incredibly beautiful during the fruiting period, when it is dotted with clusters of unusually scarlet berries, filled with precious edible juice. It is recommended to pick berries immediately after the first frost, by which time their inherent bitterness and astringency will have significantly decreased.
Common viburnum is excellent for creating landscapes in a rustic style, for rural ensembles; it will decorate the landscape near a reservoir; it has proven itself excellent for hedges. The bushes have high frost resistance and are resistant to various pests and diseases.
Red viburnum is one of the most unpretentious plants. It can grow in different soils, in the sun and in the shade. True, growing in the shade, it does not bear fruit. In nature, you can most often find beautiful shrubs on the banks of any reservoirs, where they are provided with high soil moisture; they populate clearings and the edges of forests, deciduous and mixed. Large bright green leaves form carved frills, large white inflorescences up to 10 cm in diameter or more look elegant and attractive. Flowering occurs at the very end of May or beginning of June, depending on the weather. The berries are juicy, quite large, ripening begins at the end of August, they are suitable for use as food.
Red viburnum is grown, as a rule, for decorative purposes, but it has found application in medicine, homeopathy, and cooking. Viburnum bushes or trees look especially beautiful and appropriate against the background of various or next to maples, weeping birches, and slender lindens. Bushes planted along the fence will create a picturesque hedge if they are regularly trimmed. The plant is highly frost-resistant and can withstand temperatures down to -35ºС.
What type of viburnum to choose
Viburnum buldenezh in landscape design
Any variety of viburnum is good in its own way. These magnificent bushes or trees will warm the soul of any Russian person. It is not for nothing that in Slavic culture numerous beautiful tales and legends are associated with viburnum, its fruits and leaves are used in rituals, it lives in folk proverbs and sayings, songs are sung about it, and poems are written about it.
By planting an easy-to-care, extraordinarily beautiful and useful plant on your property, you will receive complete satisfaction and experience eternal pleasure from interacting with it. It will delight you, your family, neighbors and passers-by with its carved leaves, beautiful flowers, and delicate aroma.
If the ability to obtain fruit is important to you, choose the appropriate variety, and there will always be a useful product on your table or in your medicine cabinet.
If the interests of landscape design have become a priority, the variety of various types and varieties of viburnum will help create a variety of decorative styles. Viburnum in the design of any garden or park can create peace and tranquility and give the entire landscape a romantic mood.
Quite fast growth and ease of propagation and care ensure that these plants, with our help, decorate our earth. The average lifespan of viburnum bushes is quite long - approximately 50-60 years.
Name: comes from the Latin “viere” - to bind, to weave; since in ancient times the branches of European species of viburnum were used for weaving.
An ancient Slavic word, denoting, according to some scientists, a shrub that grows in a swamp, and according to others, indicating the bright red, as if heated, color of the fruit. Among many Slavic peoples, the color red is considered a symbol of girlish beauty, love and happiness. Viburnum - "wedding tree".
Before the wedding, the bride gave the groom a towel embroidered with viburnum leaves and berries. Tables and wedding tables were decorated with flowers. loaves, girlish wreaths. A bunch of viburnum fruits with a scarlet ribbon were placed on the treats with which the bride and groom treated the guests.
In central Russia, viburnum pies have long been baked: pureed viburnum fruits were placed between cabbage leaves and baked. This pie looked like a black cake and had a smell slightly reminiscent of valerian. There are many legends about this plant.
One of them tells how the girls led their enemies into the thicket of the forest to save their loved ones from imminent death. Viburnum bushes with red berries grew from the blood of the dead girls.
In Rus', agricultural work was associated with viburnum. This is reflected in the sayings: “barley is sown while the viburnum is blooming,” “rain on Akulina (April 7) - the viburnum will be good, if the spring grass is bad.”
Description
The genus contains about 200 species, distributed in the temperate and subtropical zones of Eurasia, most of North America and North Africa. Many species have been introduced into culture. It is quite well known thanks to the popular viburnum.
They grow as deciduous, less often evergreen shrubs, and sometimes small trees. Most species are shade-tolerant and moisture-loving. All species have opposite, less often whorled, arrangement of leaves.
Leaves with stipules, entire, lobed or palmately lobed. The flowers are white, sometimes pinkish, collected in stitch-like inflorescences and are represented by two types: sterile - with a large perianth and fertile - very modest, small, narrow-tubular.
Red or blue-black fruits are drupes, mostly edible. Propagated by cuttings, layering, and seeds. Life expectancy is 50-60 years.
A resident of central Russia is well acquainted with viburnum due to the wide distribution of one of the species of this genus - Viburnum (Viburnum opulus). In the wild, it can be found in almost every forest - on the edge, clearing, clearing. Viburnum is grown in the front gardens of village houses, in summer cottages, and even in urban plantings.
Russians have long appreciated the common viburnum as an unpretentious shrub that responds with gratitude to the simplest care, giving in return bright flowering, lush autumn foliage and an abundance of beautiful and useful fruits. However, there are other species whose cultivation in open ground is possible in our country.
This is, in addition to our common viburnum, viburnum bureja (Viburnum burejaeticum), forked viburnum (V. furcatum), toothed viburnum (V. dentatum), viburnum viburnum (V. lantana), Canadian viburnum (V. lentago), Mongolian viburnum (V. mongolicum), Wright's viburnum (V. wrightii), Sargent's viburnum (V. sargentii), plum-leaved viburnum (V. prunifolium), three-lobed viburnum (V. trilobum).
Viburnums are very decorative. Most of them bloom in late May and early June, completing the spring riot of colors with their white, pinkish or yellowish inflorescences. Flowering is long, sometimes stretching for two or three weeks.
Some species (common viburnum, forked, Sargent, three-lobed) have very large, up to 12-15 cm in diameter, umbrella-shaped inflorescences, consisting of two types of flowers. In the center of the “umbrella” there are small tubular fertile flowers, which subsequently produce berries.
And along the edge there are large and brighter sterile ones, the main task of which is to attract pollinating insects. In other species (viburnum bureinskaya, jagged, Mongolian, gordovina, canadian gordovina, Wright's, plum-leaved) the inflorescences are formed only by fertile flowers, but their size, brightness and delicate aroma are also impressive. All viburnums are good honey plants.
Viburnums are also beautiful with their leaves. In common viburnum, three-lobed and Sargent, they are lobed, consisting of 3 or 5 lobes (in shape they are somewhat reminiscent of Norway maple leaves).
Viburnum Bureinskaya, forked, serrated, Mongolian, Wright, plum-leaved and both gourdovina have leaves of an unusual oval or elliptical shape for us. Summer color ranges from light green to rich dark green, but in autumn all viburnums display the brightest tones of the warm part of the spectrum - from yellow to carmine red.
The great poet was precise when he compared the viburnum bush with a burning fire. Against the background of such a fire, it is sometimes difficult to see the berries. The leaves of Viburnum fork are the most unusual: large, up to 25 cm long, rounded-ovate leaf blades are cut with a whimsical network of relief wrinkles. In autumn, they are painted with several colors at once - on one leaf you can simultaneously see green, yellow, scarlet, crimson, red-brown and purple spots.
Viburnum trees are also famous for their fruits. The berries of most species acquire color as early as August. They look contrasting against the background of a thick crown, delight the eye throughout the fall and decorate the bushes even in winter. In some species the fruits are red or pinkish-orange, juicy when ripe, like those of the common viburnum.
Other species produce black berries with a bluish or blue tinge. But there are also viburnums that have fruits of two colors in the cluster: some of them, mature, are black and shiny, others, unripe, are red. This contrast is especially beautiful and attractive. It is characteristic of viburnum gourdine and forked viburnum.
There is conflicting information about the edible properties of viburnum fruits: some report their exceptional value, while others write about their poisonous properties. This is true and not true. The fruits of almost all types of viburnum are edible (whether you like their taste or not is another question), but you should only eat fully ripe berries and know when to stop. Otherwise, vomiting and diarrhea may occur.
The edibility of the fruits of Viburnum Viburnum, Sargent, and triloba is reliably known. Their juicy red berries lose their tart bitterness after freezing, as well as when processed into jelly, jam, puree, and when drying the berries. Their fruits are not only tasty, but also have healing properties: they normalize blood pressure and improve digestion.
People use the fruits of common viburnum as a vitamin, tonic, diaphoretic and diuretic, as well as a mild laxative. Among the viburnums that have red fruits, the three-lobed viburnum is considered the most pleasant to taste and therefore in its homeland, North America, is called “cranberry” viburnum.
The berries of black-fruited viburnums (Bureinskaya, plum-leaved, Canadian pride) are also edible, they have a sweetish and somewhat mealy pulp.
Some species of viburnum have very beautiful decorative forms that differ from their wild ancestors in unusual features. external appearance. The most famous garden cultivar of common viburnum is
Buldenezh(Boule de Neige, or Sterile, Roseum). The name of this variety is translated into Russian from French as Snowball, or Snowball (although it would be simpler and clearer to call it “snowball”), because its main feature is large, up to 10 cm in diameter, spherical inflorescences of snow-white color consisting only of sterile flowers.
Such bushes do not produce fruit, but the abundance of “snowballs” hung throughout the bush at the end of May always surprises. Viburnum viburnum also has the Compactum form. This plant is quite modest in size, up to 1.5 m in height and in diameter, but in flowering and fruiting this variety is not inferior to wild viburnum.
There is also a real dwarf form of Nanum - a dense spherical bush, rarely exceeding 1 m in diameter. Funny dark green “balls” look very interesting on the lawn along with garden forms of coniferous plants, but they rarely bloom and bear fruit.
In viburnum, the most famous cultivars in culture are Variegatum and Aureum. The first form is remarkable for its marbled pattern of yellow and light green spots on wrinkled leaves; the second cultivar has greenish-yellow foliage.
Growing conditions
There are also a number of species of viburnums, the cultivation of which in central Russia would be very interesting if not for their poor winter hardiness. These are Carl's viburnum (V. carlesii), evergreen viburnum (V. tinus), rugose-leaved viburnum (V. rhytidophyllum), David's viburnum (V. davidii), fragrant viburnum (V. odoratissimum), fragrant viburnum (V . farreri), Japanese flower (V. japonicum), as well as a number of hybrids (V. x. burkwoodii, V. x. bodnantense, V. x. caricephalum).
They are beautiful and unusual, many are evergreens and have a strong and pleasant aroma of flowers. Some of these species can withstand pruning in classic green hedges.
In our harsh climate, sometimes, with very painstaking care and careful covering of plants for the winter, it is possible to keep them alive. But in this case, you will have to forget about flowering and especially cutting. These types of viburnums are suitable for the south and extreme south of Russia.
Location: Most types of viburnum grow and bear fruit well in partial shade. Thanks to their dense root system, they strengthen the soil well on slopes and slopes. Garden forms of viburnums should be planted in the most illuminated, sunny places of the summer cottage.
Only under these conditions will they fully demonstrate their decorative potential. For viburnum in the garden, select a place with excess moisture and optimal soil acidity of 5.5-6.5. If there is a pond in the garden, then there is no better place for viburnum.
Landing: Viburnum is planted in spring or autumn. The size of the pit is 50 x 50 cm. In addition to peat, it is necessary to add 40 - 50 g of phosphorus, 25 - 30 g of potassium and nitrogen to the pit. When planting, the seedling is deepened by 3 - 5 cm. The adventitious roots that appear improve survival rate. The distance between plants is 1.5 - 2.0 m.
Care: Fertilizing is carried out twice: before the beginning of the growing season and before the beginning of leaf fall. In the spring, add: nitrogen - 50 g, phosphorus - 40 g and potassium - 30 g per square meter. In the fall, only phosphorus and potassium are given, half the spring dose.
Fertilizers are scattered superficially, then the soil is hoeed or dug up, watered and mulched. To form a tree, one powerful shoot is left, all others are removed. Over the course of three years, one shoot is driven out, which will become the trunk of the tree. The height of the trunk is 1 - 1.2 m.
Viburnum should be rejuvenated by cutting off all old branches at a height of 15 - 20 cm from the soil surface. Viburnum black, forked, Carlsa, laurel-leaved, or evergreen, wrinkled are suitable for growing only in the south of Russia, but sometimes they can be preserved in the gardens of central Russia if they are reliably covered for the winter or hardened seedlings are obtained from nurseries.
Protection from pests and diseases: viburnum is often affected by the viburnum bark beetle (leaf beetle), which eats all the leaves, leaving only the veins. To combat it, plants are treated with 0.2% chlorophos.
Comma-shaped scale insects may appear on trunks and branches. A 0.1% solution of karbofos is used against it. To prevent diseases such as spotting and powdery mildew, treatment with tobacco, garlic or onion infusion is recommended throughout the season.
Reproduction: All viburnums are propagated by cuttings, layering, and seeds.
Seed propagation of viburnums has a number of features. Seeds sown after 6-7 months of stratification begin to germinate only in August: first, the root and subcotyledon begin to grow, the embryonic bud remains alone. The emergence of cotyledons to the surface and shedding of covers occurs in the spring of next year.
Considering this circumstance, beds with viburnum crops should be covered with leaves and peat during the first winter. To accelerate seed germination, stratification is used in two stages at variable temperature. To begin root growth, a temperature of +18-20°C is required, and to pass through the dormant state -3...-5°C.
Therefore, after 2.5-3 months of warm stratification, the seeds are placed for 3-4 months under cold stratification conditions and only then sown in the ground. The seeding rate is 8-15 g, germination rate is 54-88%. When sowing in autumn with freshly harvested seeds, seedlings appear only after a year.
The first two years, seedlings grow slowly, and from the third year their growth accelerates. Plants of seed origin bear fruit in 4-5 years. The fruit yield from a well-developed plant at the age of 10-15 years is 10-25 kg.
Decorative forms are best propagated by green cuttings. Cuttings from 2-3 year old wood take root better. Green cuttings can be rooted if they are cut during the period of active shoot growth.
The answer to this question is simple: whatever the gardener wants, so it will turn out. It all depends on how to shape the plant. In other words, the future fate of the viburnum, whether it is called a tree or a shrub, depends on pruning and pinching.
The formed tree will look very attractive on the site: during the flowering period, the crown is strewn with snow-white tassels of flowers; in some decorative varieties, they resemble balls. Closer to autumn, the crown turns an attractive red color, thanks to ripe berries, and soon all the foliage turns orange and burgundy.
Viburnum, growing in our country, is a deciduous tree or shrub. It’s difficult to describe what viburnum looks like in two words. The culture includes about two hundred species.
Breeders who have done serious work have developed excellent varieties with high yields and very large sweet berries. There are varieties that reach a height of 4 meters, while others, especially decorative ones, are low-growing.
The leaves are wide, three and five lobed, with sharp ends. The upper part of the leaf is bright green, the lower part is gray-green. The leaves are attached to the branch on petioles (up to 2 cm). In autumn, the bush changes its green color to orange or red. The flowers are white or cream collected in racemes. Small flowers form umbrella racemes up to 8 cm in diameter. In the central zone, flowering begins at the end of May and lasts about 20 days.
The berries are oblong or round, bright red, with a flattened seed inside. The berry size is about 1 cm in diameter. The fruits ripen closer to September, and become most delicious after the first frost. Their benefits are enormous. The healing properties are used not only in folk medicine, but are also recognized by scientific medicine. In addition, delicious berries and juice are used in cooking, especially in confectionery.
The multi-stemmed viburnum bush looks no less bright in the garden; moreover, it bears fruit richly, which allows you to make invaluable preparations for the winter. Shrubs planted along the perimeter of the site (hedge) create an impenetrable thicket. This is widely used to protect an area from intruders.
So, whether viburnum is a shrub or a tree is up to the garden owner to decide.
Distribution area
In Russia, red viburnum grows everywhere in the European part, with the exception of the northern and southeastern regions, in Siberia and the Baikal region, and in Central Asia.
In our forests you won’t surprise anyone with these trees and shrubs. They are found in the deciduous zone, in mixed forests. Good harvests ripen in the sun, which whole families gather in the fall to add vitamins to the table in winter. In the shade, viburnum bears scant fruit. In the wild, it prefers places close to water - near rivers and ponds.
Planting viburnum in the country
Choosing a place to plant viburnum
In which place in the garden the viburnum will bloom is up to the owner to decide, as well as what function it will perform.
It could be:
- a single planted tree, a group of trees or a bush (viburnum grows in partial shade and shade, but feels best in an open sunny area);
- bushes acting as a fence (along the fence);
- bushes or trees planted on the slope of the site. In this case, the powerful root system of the plant is used, which can strengthen steep areas.
Nowadays it’s even difficult to imagine a summer cottage without at least one viburnum tree or bush. If someone has not acquired a fruit-bearing plant, then probably the charm of the ornamental variety forced them to plant this beautiful specimen, perhaps more than one, near their country house.
There is nothing difficult about planting. You just need to follow a few rules, as a result of which the seedling will turn into a lush bush or an exquisite tree. Viburnum is planted in spring or autumn.
Soil selection
Neutral or slightly acidic. The place and land are prepared in advance. Mix the soil well with peat and granular potassium phosphate fertilizer. This is done a month before planting the seedling. The soil will be significantly enriched and stable. You should not resort to organic fertilizer, as it provokes the growth of a large number of weeds, and they are the enemies of viburnum!
The planting hole is dug to a depth of about 40 cm, with the same diameter. To the soil you need to add a couple of tablespoons of urea and a glass of dolomite flour or ash. The top layer of soil, already enriched with peat, humus and fertilizers, will reliably cover the roots.
Planting a seedling with bare roots
Open roots: a small earthen mound is poured in the center of the hole, onto which the plant trunk is placed, and its roots are carefully and carefully spread along the walls of the mound, after which they are covered with the rest of the earth.
Planting a seedling with closed roots
Closed roots: the seedling is placed in the middle of the hole and covered with soil.
It is important not to forget to deepen the root collar a little, but no more than 4-5 centimeters!
After planting, compact the soil and mulch it with peat, then make a circular depression around the trunk and water the new plant generously.
Viburnum care
Kalina is a little capricious lady and requires constant attention.
Watering
Since the plant loves moisture, it has to be watered every week to prevent the soil from drying out. Naturally, rainy weather works to the gardener’s advantage here, but during periods of drought one cannot be lazy. An adult bush requires at least 3-4 buckets of water.
Trimming
It is best to do pruning in the spring, before sap flow begins. Some fans do it in the fall, but this is not very good due to the approaching winter. It is unknown how severe it will be. First of all, sanitary pruning is carried out - all dried and diseased branches are removed. After this, a bush or tree is formed.
Top dressing
For proper development and fruiting, the plant is fed twice a year - in spring and autumn. In early spring, before the growing season, nitroammophoska (phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium) is poured under each bush or tree - 50 grams per 1 square meter. After this, the soil is dug up and watered. In autumn, only phosphorus (40 g per 1 sq.m.) and potassium (20 g per 1 sq.m.) are added. Dig up the soil and water it.
Pest Control
Very important in caring for viburnum is its pollination from insects. This tree is attractive not only to humans, but also to harmful insects.
Black aphid
Young tender spring shoots are dotted with small black dots. The larvae infest everything, the leaves curl up and dry out. The growth of the bush slows down.
The fight against aphids must begin in the spring on all fronts. Firstly, properly weed the area around the trunk, remove all weeds; secondly, it is useful to give a tree or bush a shower in the evening - douse it with water; thirdly, resort to natural “preparations” for pests - infusions of celandine, potato tops, pepper; fourthly, if the struggle ends in defeat for the gardener, turn to chemical means.
Leaf beetles
In addition to aphids, tasty viburnum is affected by leaf beetles. This beetle manages, if you don’t fight it in time, to turn the foliage of a tree or bush into lace! It especially reproduces in cold and wet weather. Having eaten all the leaves, the pest will not calm down - it will move on to the flowers. Thus, it will leave the owners without a harvest.
The most effective method of combating it is spraying with Karbofos.
leaf roller
Another pest. Caterpillars wrap leaves, entangle them in webs, and devour them. They must be destroyed manually and burned. It’s a good idea to spray the bush with Karbofos.
Who else “loves” viburnum: sawfly, gall midge. Spraying must be done before and after flowering. This is the only way to cope with the invasion of harmful insects.
Proper care of the common viburnum, the most widespread in Russia in nature and lovingly cultivated in garden plots, brings kilograms of vitamin products, elixirs for many ailments, and confectionery delights to the table every year.
In a word, viburnum is an edible, beautiful, healthy, desirable berry in any home!
We suggest you familiarize yourself with what varieties of viburnum there are.
Common or red (Viburnum opulus)
Most often, this species is found on the edges, banks of rivers, lakes, and inhabits deciduous and mixed forests. It has large green leaves that form frills, similar to a ballerina's tutu.
It has many large inflorescences, their diameter is 10-12 cm. The edge is represented by large flowers with snow-white corollas, and in the center there are small and inconspicuous ones - thanks to them, flowers are tied on the bush. The first (large) ones attract pollinators.
Toothed (Viburnum dentatum)
It is represented by a deciduous bush, the height of which reaches 4.5 meters. It has erect branches painted ash-gray. The shoots are bare and have a smooth structure. The leaves are 4-10 cm long, have an oval shape and a round or slightly heart-shaped base.
It has flowers of the same type, the diameter of which is 0.4 cm. They are painted white and collected in thick shields. The diameter of the fruit is 0.6 cm, the shape is round-ovoid, the color is blue-black. Blooms in May and June. has good frost resistance. 
Canadian (Viburnum lentago)
This species is most often found in Canada, which explains its name. The best areas where this viburnum grows are hillsides, forest edges, river banks and swamps.
Did you know? In the old days they believed that viburnum protected the house from the evil eye and evil spirits. Therefore, they decorated the hut with clusters and laid out the berries on the table.
It is represented by a tall deciduous or small tree, height - no more than 6 meters. The crown has an ovoid shape, the leaves are wide, oval, pointed.
Their length is 10 cm. In summer they have a bright green color, and in autumn they become colored in red tones. The flowers are small, creamy white, concentrated in corymbose inflorescences with a diameter of 12 cm. Flowering lasts 2 weeks. 
The berries are blue-black in color and are suitable for consumption. Growth is quite rapid, it can grow in the shade and is frost-resistant. Quickly adapts to urban conditions.
Laurel leaf or evergreen (Viburnum tinus)
Laurel viburnum begins to bloom in early spring. It is represented by an evergreen bush with a height of up to 3 meters. It has leathery leaves, drooping down and having a pointed oval shape. The color of the flowers is white, there may be a pinkish tint. The inflorescences have a diameter of 5-10 cm.
Viburnum berries are oval, have a pearlescent blue color, and there are a lot of them on the bush. In summer the shrub is very beautiful due to the abundance of unusual fruits. 
Wrinkle-leaved (Viburnum rhytidophyllum)
This species is native to China. Presented high, up to 5 meters. The width of the tree can be up to 4 meters, the crown is loose and sparse. The leaves are large in size, their length is about 20 cm. They have an unusual wrinkled textured structure.
The flowers are small in size and creamy white. The diameter of the inflorescence is up to 20 cm. The buds begin to bloom in April. The berries are blackish-purple in color. 
Wright's (Viburnum wrightii Miq)
It is represented by a straight-trunked, dense and branched shrub, the height of which is up to 2.5 meters. Crown diameter - up to 1 meter. The plant has smooth bark, long leaves up to 18 cm. Their shape is obovate.
The color of the upper part is green, the lower part is light green. It has fertile white flowers with a diameter of up to 0.7 cm. The berries are bright red, round and juicy. Ripening occurs in September 
» Kalina
Kalina! Where did the name of this healing plant come from and what does it look like? According to one version the berries of the bush become tasty and sweet after they are “hardened” by frost. Let's take a closer look at the common viburnum, its varieties and species, described below.
Viburnum viburnum is a shrub, the fruits of which have been used as food by our ancestors for many centuries. In our harsh conditions, this was an additional source of vitamins, especially in late autumn, when the period of fruiting and ripening of other berry crops was already completely completed by this time. People started eating bright red berries after the first frost., when the bitterish astringent taste disappeared, the silt became smaller.
Great-grandmothers had a sign: if you put a sprig of blooming viburnum in the bedroom, then even a tired husband, after a hard day at work, will love more deeply.
The peculiarities of the root system of the berry crop were successfully used. It is powerful and extensive. As a result, a continuous sod formed in the top layer of soil. That's why Viburnum was often planted in courtyard areas where the soil was most susceptible to erosion(hills, slopes, ravines).
Common viburnum is an unpretentious plant, but for its successful cultivation on summer cottage, you need to know some tricks. For example, if in its natural habitat, viburnum loves moist places, then in cultural plantings, if possible, it is better to give preference to dry soils with low groundwater levels.
What does a hedge look like?
For a long time, villagers grew viburnum around the perimeter of the site. The result was a dense hedge that hid the house from prying prying eyes. Modern owners can use this experience of their ancestors. Now, if you have a variety of gardening tools, you can form an ecological fence any height and shape. After all, viburnum is a universal plant.
It goes well with various trees and shrubs, so you can use both group plantings and single ones. It’s a good idea to plant viburnum in areas with slopes and slopes to strengthen them, using the biological feature of a well-developed rhizome.
Description of viburnum: benefits and harms
Viburnum berries have healing properties for various diseases. The fruits contain large amounts of vitamin C, twice as much as in citrus fruits, in 100 grams is the daily dose needed by a person.
Viburnum fruits, due to their high vitamin C content, are the best hematopoietic agent compared to other medicinal plants. The fruits also contain vitamins E and K, carotene and vitamin P in small quantities. Thus, vitamin C strengthens the immune system, and vitamin P promotes better absorption.
The bark of the plant has healing properties. It contains ester-like, tannin and resinous substances, from which, upon hydrolysis, various organic acids are formed and chemical compounds. This huge diversity in the chemical composition of the viburnum fruit bark determines the pharmacological properties of the plant.
Benefit:
- Reduces the level cholesterol;
- Possesses expectorant effect;
- Improves general condition for heart diseases(hypertension, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis);
- Helps with skin diseases(eczema, carbunculosis);
- Increases bile production(hepatitis, cholecystitis);
- Increases tone uterine muscles;
- Used for illness diabetes mellitus;
- Improves digestion;
- Use with heavy menstruation;
- Reduces swelling(heart, kidney);
- Decreases arterial pressure.
Contraindications:
- Low pressure;
- Increased blood clotting;
- Individual intolerance;
- Exists risk of developing pathologies in the fetus, so pregnant women should avoid using this plant.
Types and varieties of red and black berries
Viburnum has a huge number of species - about 200. There is viburnum with black fruits, and there are forms in the form of evergreen shrubs. Viburnum viburnum is widespread in our latitudes. Thanks to selection, cultivated fruit varieties are superior to wild ones in terms of yield, size of berries and chemical composition.
Zhalobovskaya
A good variety for home use. Suitable for both storage and processing. The pulp will please you with the minimal presence of bitterness, the yield is 5 – 6 kg per bush.
Vigorovskaya
The berries are bright red, pea-shaped, weighing 0.5 g. Bitter taste, after processing it becomes slightly bitter. The plant grows up to 3 m. Productivity 6 – 10 kg per bush.
Ulgen
A universal variety with a late ripening period. The berries are bittersweet in taste, store well and are easily processed. Productivity per bush 5 – 8 kg.
Taiga rubies
An annual fruiting, winter-hardy variety. The berries attract attention with their unusual dark ruby color. Average yield per bush 7 – 8 kg.
Zarnitsa
The variety is winter-hardy, stable yield for 20 years. The color of the berries is bright red. Average yield per bush 6 kg.
Rules for planting and care
All of the listed varieties can be successfully grown at dachas in the Moscow region. In Western Siberia, this plant is cultivated south of 61°N latitude; in Eastern Siberia, it grows in the basins of the Yenisei and Angara rivers.
Plant viburnum in spring or autumn. Autumn planting is no different from spring planting. Before you start planting this medicinal plant, you need to pay attention to the quality of the planting material. We visually check for the absence of visible defects. It is necessary to buy 2-3 year old seedlings for planting.
It is better to plant according to the classic scheme of 5 by 3 meters.
We dig a hole with 2 shovels wide and 1.5 deep. It is important that there are at least 3 well-developed buds on the surface of our cuttings. The bush will delight you with the first healing harvest in 3–4 years. Maintenance is easy. In the fall, it will not be a bad idea to fertilize with manure; if it is not possible to get this valuable biological material, you can successfully use potato peelings, tea leaves, and banana skins.
These seemingly simple elements will enrich the soil with minerals. In our technological age, it is better to use as little chemicals as possible on your summer cottage. But if absolutely nothing, then go to the store: they have the widest selection of complex fertilizers and fertilizers. Usually in our climate plants do not need watering. But even in the temperate zone there are dry summers. In this case, a caring owner should not forget about this unpretentious culture.
Reproduction
Collection and preparation for the winter
Viburnum is harvested in September-October, depending on the variety. Clusters of berries are cut off with pruning shears. Fruits in clusters are stored in the refrigerator or freezer. Viburnum makes aromatic jam, jam, delicious juice and kvass.
Healing juice
Recipe No. 1. Take 1 kg of berries and squeeze the juice. Pour a glass of water over the pulp and boil for 5 minutes. Then strain and combine with juice. Add 200 g of sugar to the mixture, bring to a boil and pour into containers. Seal tightly.
Marmalade from viburnum berries and apples
Recipe No. 2. You need to take apples and viburnum berries, wash, cook separately until soft, mix and rub through a sieve. Pour sugar into the resulting product in a one-to-one ratio and simmer over low heat, stirring occasionally until a thick mass forms. When this mass leaves the spoon and the bottom of the dish, the dish is ready.
Pour the resulting marmalade into a shallow bowl, let the product cool and dry it in the oven at a temperature of 60 o C.
Conclusion
Viburnum viburnum has beneficial properties in such quantities that it can compete with many other gifts of nature. Summer residents and gardeners should take a close look at this healing and unpretentious plant. After all this healing culture will benefit the whole family, especially during colds, and for better preservation of valuable qualities you need to use a freezer.