Fruit wood is a valuable material that can be used for construction, but is more often used for decoration, making decorative items and tools, as it has a beautiful texture.
To ensure that the finished item is not just beautiful, but also durable, special attention is paid to the processing of the material. Exist Features of drying fruit wood, which must be taken into account so that the treated surface does not subsequently have defects.
When fruit tree wood is properly dried, it is very durable, does not crack, and is easy to process, cut, saw, polish and sand.
How to dry apple wood
Apple wood is the most common material among all types of fruit tree wood. This is due to the wide distribution of the plant itself.
Before how to dry apple wood, you need to create the right conditions and select a temperature regime that will ensure the safety of the structure. After processing, the core should acquire a red-brown tint and yellow-pink sapwood, the rays of the core should be inconspicuous.
Apple tree wood is highly drying, heavy, hard, has average resistance to biological damage, and is also of average density. The shrinkage rate is even higher than that of hardwood.
All this suggests that dry apple wood it is necessary in a special mode to avoid warping and cracking.
- lumber is stacked in a place protected from weather influences;
- atmospheric drying is carried out until a certain humidity level is reached (20-25%);
- moisture-heat treatment and soft drying are carried out;
- Final drying is carried out at temperatures up to 60 degrees to a humidity of 12%.
When the process is carried out correctly, it takes 25-30 days, which takes a lot of time. But forcing drying apple wood leads to a decrease in quality.
Apple tree with its beautiful texture and remarkable properties is used mainly to create:
- decorative products;
- designer furniture;
- musical instruments;
- expensive dishes.
Even wood chips and twigs have found use; they are used when smoking products to give them a special golden crust.
How to dry pear wood
The pear is the third most common fruit tree after the apple tree. When properly dried, pear wood has a soft texture; vessels, rays and annual rings are faintly visible at the cut site. The shade is very pleasant, it can vary from pink to brown, from yellow to red, which depends on the age of the cut tree and how the item was used, whether it was in direct sunlight.
If dry pear wood That's right, it has a high density, but at the same time remains flexible and can be easily painted, sanded, and polished. The pear dries out greatly and easily releases moisture, despite the fact that when freshly cut it has a humidity of 90-100%.
Process drying pear wood should be carried out according to this scheme:
- steaming at 110 degrees until lightening (the optimal color is uniform pinkish-brown) and reaching 130% humidity;
- drying at a temperature of 70 degrees to a humidity of 30-35%;
- drying at a temperature of 50 degrees to a humidity of 22%;
- moisture-heat treatment and drying at a temperature of 30 degrees until a humidity of 9% is achieved.
Drying pear wood Ideally it takes 20-25 days, after which processing can begin. This material is most in demand for the manufacture of:
- living room furniture;
- bedroom furniture;
- boxes and decorative items;
- imitation ebony.
How to dry cherries
Cherry and cherry wood are popular for their special pink hue. In some countries, in Germany in particular, these trees are specially bred for timber. In Russia, industrial breeding is carried out in the Krasnodar region.
A special difference between cherries and sweet cherries is their pinkish-brown tint, which becomes deeper and more saturated the older the tree, and the red color shows through well. The structure of the wood is uniform, the fibers are straight, and the annual rings are clearly visible. Craftsmen especially value cherry because when polished, even without the use of special compounds, it acquires a characteristic glossy shine.
Correct drying fruit wood Cherry and cherries make it possible to obtain a material that is easy to process, cut, and becomes resistant to rotting.
Since sweet cherry wood is low-drying and practically does not warp, the drying process is quite simple:
- stacking;
- drying under diffused sunlight for up to 12 days;
- steaming;
- soft drying at 40 degrees;
- the second drying phase at a temperature of 70 degrees for up to 15 days;
- moisture-heat treatment and drying to a humidity of 8-10%.
Drying cherries usually takes about 30 days. This is exactly what is needed to get really high-quality wood from which you can make:
- parquet;
- souvenirs;
- sliced veneer;
- exclusive furniture;
- musical instruments (pianos, grand pianos);
- smoking pipes;
- small-sized dishes.
Drying of other fruit species
In addition to apple, pear and cherry, wood is widely used:
- plums;
- apricot;
- quinces;
- peach;
- mulberries;
- bird cherry;
- rowan;
- persimmons;
- walnut.
Features of drying fruit wood associated with structural features, density, humidity, resistance to biological agents. In any case, the conditions are individual for each breed, and a competent drying process takes from 20 to 40 days.
Although industrial drying is optimal to obtain an ideal result, it is also possible at home if the features of the process are studied, you have a professional moisture meter and good dryers are selected.
Pear is a wood with a pleasant and delicate texture. Pear board is unique and widely used in carpentry.
Pear board
A genus of trees and shrubs belonging to the rose family. There are about 60 species of pears on earth, about 20 of them grow in the territory of the former USSR, mainly in the southern regions in coastal and mountain forests at an altitude of up to 1.5 km. A tree in favorable conditions can live up to 300 years and reach 20-30 meters in height with a trunk girth of 0.5-0.8 m.
Pear wood has warm, pleasant color tones: from reddish-white in young trees to pinkish-brown in old ones. It is heavy and hard, and has high compressive strength and toughness. In terms of strength characteristics, pear is in some ways superior and in others inferior to its hard-leaved counterparts oak, ash and maple. Wood is close in density and hardness
to ivory. The hardness of wood increases significantly if it is soaked and dried slowly.
The texture of the pear is subtle, but very beautiful. The delicate lines of growth rings and medullary rays stand out faintly on the surface of a calm, even color. When properly processed, it imitates ebony.
Pear wood is not easy to process. It is much easier to process an under-dried or damp board. The pear sands and polishes well. After processing, a beautiful matte shine is formed. The tree is cut equally in all directions, producing clean cuts. It is well impregnated with dyes, stains and especially oils that highlight the noble tones of wood.
The scope of application of pear wood is wide.
Pyrus caucasica Fed. — Caucasian pear
Family Rosaceae Juss .
Spreading. found in almost the entire forested part of the Caucasus to southern Armenia and Azerbaijan. In the Caucasus it forms groves of significant area - pear trees,populating cleared oak and hornbeam forests along river valleys. It rises into the mountains to 1000-1500 m absolute height. Forms plantings with hazel, alder, ash, hawthorn and oak. Wind-resistant, salt- and drought-resistant, but not frost-resistant and not shade-tolerant.
Characteristics of the tree. A tall, low-blooming tree, well cleared of branches. The crown is pyramidal. Young branches are bare, covered with gray bark, prickly. The leaves are round or broadly ovate, sometimes almost rhombic; 3-4(5) cm long with a rounded base, blunt or pointed into a short point, entire, glabrous, semi-leathery, shiny above, dull below, hairy at the edges. The petioles are long, 2-3 times longer than the leaf blade.
Blooms in April-May. Flowers in a shield. The stalk is 2-3 times longer than the fruit. The fruits are glabrous, round or flattened, ripe grayish-black with a remaining calyx. It bears fruit from July to September; in October the fruits fall to the ground.
The annual fruit harvest in the Caucasus is at least 116 thousand tons. The fruits are processed into marshmallows, bekmes, vinegar, and vodka; They are dried for compotes and consumed raw. The wild fruits of this pear are widely used in the Caucasus as a rootstock for cultivated varieties. In terms of fruit shape and size, taste qualities and a number of other characteristics, the Caucasian pear is very diverse.
Wood. The color of the wood is pink or red-brown, sap is the same color as mature wood. There are heart-wine repetitions in the form of dark-colored dots on the end and brownish dots on the radial section. The medullary rays and annual layers stand out when split in the radial direction in the form of narrow and short stripes of a darker color than the wood. Density at 15% humidity 0.59 g/cm 3 , at 12% humidity - 0.58G/cm 3.
Drying. Dries well, does not warp or crack.
Strength. The wood is dense, hard, and has great compressive strength and impact strength.
Persistence. The wood is resistant to rotting.
Technological properties. Can be processed well with all types of cutting tools. Steamed wood has a reddish tint. Well varnished and polished.
Application. Due to its beautiful color and texture, it is widely used as a facing material for the manufacture of furniture, plywood, and musical instruments. Used for making slide rules.
Pyrus communis L. — Common pear
Family Rosaceae Juss.
Spreading. It grows in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of the European part in the Crimea and the Caucasus. The northern border reaches Smolensk, Tambov, Saratov. IN Central Asia: Western Tien Shan, Kopetdag.
Characteristics of the tree. Tree up to 25 (30) m high, up to 25 cm in diameter. The trunk is straight. The bark is gray, fissured.
The root system is well developed and has a deep taproot. The common pear is moderately demanding of soil, salt-tolerant, drought-resistant, and avoids wet soils with stagnant moisture. Tolerates shading at an early age. Relatively cold-resistant. It grows quite quickly. Tolerates urban conditions and haircuts well. It is found in the second tier of deciduous forests and quite often along the edges, sometimes forming small groves.
The shoots are brown-brown, bare, shiny, often ending in a thorn. The buds are alternate, ovoid-pointed or cone-shaped, spaced from the shoots, dark brown, bare with numerous scales. The leaves are on long petioles, rounded or ovate, with a rounded or notched base, entire or finely toothed, dark green, shiny on the upper side, light green on the lower side. Young leaves are pubescent, old leaves are bare.
It blooms in April-May shortly before the leaves bloom. The flowers are bisexual, white, rather large, on long pedicels, collected in 6-12 pieces. into the inflorescence. The fruits ripen in September. Harvest years are frequent. The fruit (pear) is multi-seeded, up to 4 cm long, sweet and sour, pulp with stony cells. The seeds are dark brown, ovoid-pointed, flat on one side, about 8 mm long. The weight of 1000 seeds is 24 g. When sowing in spring, stratification is required for 3-4 months. Germination rate is high. The cotyledons are aerial, obovate, narrowed towards the base, about 16 mm long, 6 mm wide, with a clearly visible main vein. The first leaves are bare, oblong-ovate-pointed with small teeth.
Propagated mainly by seeds, cultivated varieties by grafting. It produces shoots from the stump, sometimes root shoots. Lives up to 200 years or more.
In landscaping they are used in group and single plantings, in alleys - in parks and especially forest parks. It is beautiful not only in spring, but also in autumn with the bright orange-purple color of its leaves. Suitable for medium and tall hedges. Used as an accompanying species in forest shelterbelts.
Wood. The breed is not sound. The wood is white, With golden hue. Annual layers differ transversely and tangential slices. There are veins. The vessels are small. In the central part of the trunk, a false reddish-brown core colors. Sometimes on a strictly radial section the medullary rays are visible in the form of narrow dark lines. The wood is light. Density at 15% humidity 0.55—0.62 G/cm3, at 12% - 0.54-0.60 g/cm3.
Drying. Dries well. Little warping and little cracks.
Strength. The wood is hard, has great compressive strength along the grain, impact strength and resistance to chipping.
Persistence. The wood is resistant.
Technological properties. The wood is dense, soft, and lends itself well to processing with cutting tools. Has a matte surface after processing. Finishes beautifully.
Application. Due to its reddish color and beautiful texture, wood is used for making furniture, musical instruments, drawing accessories etc.
Pyrus elaeagnifolia Pall. — Pear tree
Family Rosaceae Juss.
Spreading. grows naturally in the Southern and Eastern Crimea on dry slopes and rocky places; in the Caucasus, in the South Transcaucasia, in dry places of the river valley. Chickens, in Karabakh, in Armenia.
Characteristics of the tree. A small tree up to 6-10 (15) m high, with a wide through-through crown and prickly felt branches.
Drought resistant(tolerates dry soil and air). Withstands soil salinity. Frost-resistant, tolerates winters of the central forest-steppe zone of the European part (with frosts down to -25-30 ° C). Stable in urban environments. It grows slowly.
The leaves are lanceolate, 4-9 cm long, with a small width at the top (1-2 cm), silvery, gray-tomentose on both sides (similar to oleaster leaves). The flowers are pink, up to 2.5 cm in diameter. The calyx is 5-lobed, the corollas are 5-petaled, the stems are 20-50, the columns are 5, separated to the base.
Each ovary nest contains 2 seeds. The fruit is a false drupe, in the fleshy part of which there are often stony cells. Propagated by seeds.
Valuable drought-resistant rootstock for cultivated varieties of pear. An effective material for contrasting compositions on
against a background of dark green plantings, in groups, edges and in the form of tapeworms. Forms beautiful silvery prickly living buds. Valuable for landscaping dry rocky slopes, wastelands and for the construction of parks and forest parks, as well as shelterbelts in arid areas with unfavorable soil conditions.
Pyrus salicifolia Pall. — Willow pear
Family Rosaceae Juss.
Spreading. Grows in the Caucasus, on east coast Caspian Sea. Occurs on dry rocky slopes mountains, juniper forests, river valleys. To the soils undemanding.Drought resistant. Frost-resistant.
Characteristics of the tree. Tree 8-10 m high, sometimes a shrub. The crown is spreading, splayed. The branches are prickly. The buds are brownish, medium in size, ciliated with whitish or red hairs. Kidney scales are sometimes with pointed. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, 6-9 cm long and 0.5-1 cm wide, but there are also broadly lanceolate leaves of the form "Latifolia" Ale-xeenko. The petiole is very short, so the leaves are almost sessile. The edge of the leaf blade is entire, sometimes spaced-toothed. The leaves are silvery or gray, with cobwebby or silky pressed pubescence; on short shoots the leaves are collected in bunches. Flowers in few-flowered corymbs, petals length 1-1.3 cm, width 0.5-0.7 cm with short pubescent nail. Blooms in April-May. The fruits are round or pear-shaped, small with a diameter of up to 2 cm, yellowish-brown or golden, covered with specks. The cup remains on fetus peduncle up to 2 cm long. The fruits ripen in September-October. Propagated by seeds and root shoots. The bark is reddish, With age it darkens and cracks. Recommended for consolidation of sands and afforestation of dry, inconvenient lands, as well as for breeding new varieties - as a rootstock.
Wood. The color of the wood varies from brownish yellow to dark pink, annual layers differ slightly. The cordis rays are observed only on a radial section and have the appearance of narrow stripes or specks. The structure of the wood is homogeneous. Density at 15% humidity is 0.61 g/cm 3, at 12% - 0.60 g/cm 3.
Drying. Dries well, does not warp or crack.
Strength. It has high compressive strength along the fibers and high resistance to shearing.
Persistence. The wood is resistant to fungi.
Technological properties. The wood is dense, hard, can be processed well with cutting tools, and has a matte surface after processing. It is well varnished and polished.
Application. The beautiful color of the wood and its beautiful texture allow it to be used for the manufacture of sliced veneer for cladding furniture and musical instruments. white, diameter up to 3—4 cm, in multi-flowered corymbs. It blooms in May before the leaves bloom. In Khabarovsk it blooms on average15 May. The fruits ripen at the end of August. The fruits are round or pear-shaped, yellowish or greenish, sometimes with red spots, with relatively thick skin and rather coarse pulp; ripen in autumn. Winter-resistant. I. V. Michurin considered its hardiness to be an indispensable rootstock for breeding new varieties. Photophilous. Prefers fresh fertile soils. Grows singly or in groups along sparse edges.
*information is posted for informational purposes; to thank us, share the link to the page with your friends. You can send material interesting to our readers. We will be happy to answer all your questions and suggestions, as well as hear criticism and suggestions at [email protected]general characteristics
There are 60 species of wild pears growing on our planet, of which 18 are in the CIS. All of them belong to the rose family. Among the wild pears there are trees and shrubs. In Europe, the most common is the wild pear, which is also called wild pear. The forest and also the Ussuri forests have the greatest economic importance.
The forest pear usually grows in the second tier of oak, birch and pine forests. Its bark is gray and thin, and in old trees it has cracks at the bottom. Under suitable conditions, the height of the trees can reach 20 and sometimes 30 m, but usually the pear has a height of 10-12 m. The crown is dense, branched, the branches have thorns. The breed is distinguished by its longevity - it lives up to 300 years. 
There are cases where individual trees lived up to 600 years. Old trees, the trunk diameter of which can exceed 1 m, are often affected by rot, which is why they are hollow. Additionally, I would like to draw your attention to a company that carries out carving, including pear carving: RezbaPro company - wood carving, all information is available via the link on the website http://rezbapro.ru/.
Texture
The texture is poorly expressed, but very beautiful, uniform, the surface is of an even, calm color, on which the delicate lines of the annual layers are barely visible, the color is light brown with a reddish tint. The older the tree, the darker the color the wood becomes.
Physical and mechanical properties
Pear wood is very dense; at a humidity of 12% this value averages 700 kg/cub.m. It is very hard and viscous, and has good impact resistance. It bends poorly, so it is not used for bent products. The wood is homogeneous, there are practically no knots. Over time, hardness increases. Pears are poorly resistant to moisture, so they are susceptible to rotting and attack by insect pests.
Drying
Pear has a fairly high shrinkage coefficient, but with the correct drying conditions it does not warp or crack. When laying a pear to dry, be sure to remove the bark, otherwise the bark beetle will appear. It is better to dry under a canopy, covering the ends with lime, paint or gluing paper with PVA glue. The pear dries out naturally in 2-4 years. If small-sized workpieces are needed, then it is better to dry the chopped material. In this case, the risk of cracking is minimized.
Treatment
Pear wood is very hard and requires sharp tools to process. It cuts well in all directions, the cuts are clean, without chips. It is sanded and polished perfectly, the surfaces acquire a pleasant matte shine. An excellent source material for turning products, as it lends itself well to turning.
Easily impregnated with various stains and dyes, perfectly imitates ebony. For finishing it is better to use wax mastics or oil impregnation, which greatly emphasizes the noble color of the wood.
Products made from pear are intended for use in dry rooms, where they retain their size and shape for decades. It is not used for external work, but if such a need arises, then measures are taken to protect against adverse external factors. The wood is impregnated with antiseptics and coated with weather-resistant varnishes or paints. 
Products
Due to its properties, pear wood is well suited for small carved items that decorate furniture. Various small souvenirs are made from it, for the kitchen - spoons and forks. Lathes produce beautiful bowls, dishes, vases, and vessels for dry foods. Pear cutting boards soaked in linseed oil are very practical.
Drawing instruments made from pear do not warp and retain their size and shape.
It is used to make guitar and violin necks, piano keys, and firearm butts. They decorate the interiors of expensive cars and cabins on sea liners. Pear veneer is used to cover indoor wall panels. Pear wood parquet looks very beautiful and lasts a long time.
In mosaic work, veneer is used for the background, or for small details in geometric patterns. Noble pear wood should rightfully occupy its rightful place in the workshop.
Botanical name: Common pear, or European pear (lat. Pýrus commúnis) of the Rosaceae family (lat. Rosáceae) of the order Rosales (lat. Rosáles) class Magnoliopsida (lat. Magnoliópsida). The family is large and contains 91 genera, which include 4828 known species.
Habitat
The pear genus is believed to have originated in modern Western China in the foothills of the Tien Shan, the mountainous regions of Central Asia, and the trees subsequently spread north and south along the mountain ranges. They evolve into various groups, with more than 20 primary species widely recognized. A huge number of varieties cultivated from the European pear are undoubtedly obtained from wild subspecies: Pyrus communis subsp. pyraster and Caucasian pear (Pyrus communis subsp. caucasica). The tree is widespread throughout Europe and sometimes forms part of the vegetation of natural forests. Pear grows in Europe, North America, Australia and East Asia.Morphological description of the species
This is a deciduous, fast-growing fruit tree with a narrow or oval crown, reaching a height of 10-17 meters (in the wild, sometimes up to 25 m). The trunk is up to 70 cm in diameter. The branches may have thorny twigs. Pear trees can live up to 250 years. The leaves are simple, glossy, arranged alternately, 2-12 centimeters long. The leaf shape varies from broadly oval to narrowly lanceolate. Most pears are deciduous, but one or two species native to southeast Asia are evergreen.
The flowers are 2-4 cm in diameter, snow-white, fragrant, collected in 6-12 pieces in inflorescences. The petals rarely have a yellowish or pinkish tint. The tree blooms in spring and blooms for 5-14 days. Flower formula: K5 C5-0 A5-∞ G∞-1.
The pear fruit is a pome fruit. In most wild species the fruit is 1-4 cm in diameter, but in some cultivated forms it is up to 18 cm long and 8 cm wide. The shape of the fruit varies in most species from flattened or spherical to the classic "pear-shaped". The fruit consists of juicy pulp and the true fruit - these are five cartilaginous carpels with seeds, known colloquially as the “core”. One of the main differences between the pear fruit and other relatives of the family is that the pulp contains stone cells, the so-called “granularity”.
Description of pear wood
The core has a pale pink or light reddish-brown hue. Sapwood is a little paler, but usually does not differ from heartwood. On the pear board there may be a false kernel with a bright dark brown color. Refers to mature wood species in which the central zone of a growing tree is less moist than the peripheral zone. The pear is sometimes steamed to deepen the pink color.
Pear wood with a very fine, uniform texture, thin rays and pores. The annual rings are different, but the rays do not stand out. Heavy and dense (580-730 kg/m3), hard (Yanka hardness: 1660 lbs.) The wood is quite stiff, very stable wood, does not warp. Dries slowly. Suitable for impregnation and painting.
The wear resistance and abrasion resistance of pear wood is close to that of maple, oak and ash.
Application of wood
Wood from pear fruit trees is offered under the trade mark “Swiss pear”. This is wood from the common pear and trees from the genus Rowan (lat. Sorbus). The name “Swiss pear” historically developed when this raw material was imported mainly from the wood of pear trees growing in Switzerland.Pear is used to produce decorative veneer, architectural carpentry, marquetry, inlay, musical instruments, and furniture. Used by cabinetmakers and carvers. The use is limited by large knots, curvature and slanting, as well as wormholes and core rot.
Pear is also sometimes stained black and used as a substitute for ebony.
In the old days, rulers for architects and engineers were made from pear wood, as the tree is famous for its stability of shape and resistance to deformation. Today you can find dishes made from pear, which can be washed in the dishwasher.
You can buy in our store.