Cost of production of paving slabs. Business plan for the production of paving slabs: general information. Alternative and related activities

The essence of the nasty joke is that our world is a complete show business, and we live in it (Musin Almat Zhumabekovich)

Paving slabs give a well-groomed and presentable look to a path or walkway near a home or office, which is why very often people prefer paving slabs for exterior decoration of external areas. Among building materials, the demand for it not only does not fall, but also increases. Therefore, competition among manufacturers is quite high. However, this does not mean that production should not be opened.
This business is very popular and profitable, so be smart about drawing up a business plan for the production of paving slabs and open your own business.

Business payback

Many qualified experts note that the production of paving slabs is a profitable business, since the payback is more than one hundred percent. Even defective products can be used, for example, in construction.

Business registration

The process of registering a business is quite simple, without certification. All you need to do is register as an individual entrepreneur. If you want to produce a certified product and have confirmation of its quality, then you can obtain a certificate from a special certification service. The service will check your product for various qualities, such as frost resistance, durability, strength. You will easily receive a certificate if your products pass these tests.

Production equipment

For the production of paving slabs use:

vibration casting technology;
vibration pressing technology.

To produce tiles using vibration pressing technology, you need to purchase specialized equipment:

brick press (twenty thousand dollars);
concrete mixer (six thousand dollars);
punch (three thousand dollars).

Making tiles using vibration casting technology will cost much less, since you need less expensive equipment:

vibration table (four thousand dollars);
different types of shapes (depending on the shape from one to eighteen thousand dollars per piece);
concrete mixer (six hundred dollars).

Production

In order to understand these processes, it is necessary to become more familiar with the production technology of paving slabs. First, let's look at vibration pressing technology. The same technology is used in the manufacture of stones for walls, partitions, and borders.

Vibrocompression technology

Preparation of concrete mixture

A concrete mixer is used to prepare the concrete mixture. In order to understand how many concrete mixers you will need, you need to know how many layers your product will have. So, if the product has two layers, then you need two concrete mixers. Then the finished mixture for the mold is transferred to the matrix of the brick making machine.

Formation of forms

After moving the forming mass into the matrix, the punch with vibrators begins its work. The result of this work is vibration pulses, from which the mixture begins to thicken. This whole process lasts five seconds. After this, the formed product proceeds to drying. Drying is carried out in one pallet, and for a new batch of goods you will need another pallet.

Drying tiles

In order for the tiles to have a finished appearance, it is necessary to use heat and moisture drying. For this purpose, steam can be successfully used. If the means do not allow you to use the heat-moist method for drying the tiles, then it is quite possible to dry almost finished products in the room itself. To guide you on the time required for drying, let’s give an example: for concrete with a density of up to two MPa, it takes from five to eight hours.

Vibration casting technology

production of concrete mixture;
laying concrete on a vibrating table in special forms;
laying out finished forms on a pallet;
keeping the resulting finished mixture in natural conditions two days;
heating the hardened form for up to two minutes to a temperature of seventy degrees, knocking out the finished product.

Selecting a room

There are no special requirements or restrictions on the location of production premises. An essential requirement for choosing a production facility is the square footage of the premises, since it is necessary to place all the equipment.

It is desirable that the room be more than seventy square meters in size. The voltage in the network should be three hundred and sixty volts. And it will be necessary to equip a special room to house the drying chamber, and set the temperature there to forty-five degrees.

Production area

In order to accommodate all the necessary specialized equipment and allocate space for storing the necessary materials and products, you will need a room of one hundred square meters. In this case, the warehouse can be taken out separately, but its construction will also require one hundred square meters.

In this case, you can do without heating the workshop, since the heat will come from the production process itself. The finished material is first left in the workshop, and only then transferred to the warehouse.

Recruitment

In order to produce 50 meters of square paving slabs per day, you will only need to hire three people.

Each person's responsibilities will include:

concrete preparation process,
press feed,
sending the product to dry.

After making paving slabs, the question of its implementation becomes a question. Naturally, you want to have a wide base of regular customers, so you need to provide them with a wide range of paving slabs you produce. And for this, even during the development of a business plan, it is necessary to provide for the production of tiles of different sizes and colors, with a variety of shapes.

When starting a business, it is recommended to focus on individuals or small entrepreneurs who purchase paving slabs for their needs. Large orders should be taken later, when you have consolidated your position in the first segment.

Production costs

Consumption of initial investments in the paving slab production business:

work on launching and setting up production - 100,000 rubles;
melting and heating unit - 550,000 rubles;
press (for example, D2430) - 468,000 rubles;
concrete mixer (for example, SBR-500) - 70,000 rubles;
press (for example, PP TR) - 210,000 rubles;
scales (for example, MK-15.2) - 4,100 rubles.

Total: 1,403,000.00 rubles

Wage

For production, it will be enough to hire three people and assign them to the following positions with the following salary:

manager (24 thousand rubles),
operator of a melting and heating unit (24 thousand rubles)
worker (22 thousand rubles)

Based on this salary level, payroll costs will be 70,000 rubles (if employees work one shift) and, accordingly, 140,000 rubles (if employees work two shifts).

When calculating the cost of one square meter of finished products, the cost of payroll will be 33.34 rubles.

It is also necessary to include in the cost of one square meter of finished products the amount of the single social tax, which is 26%. Thus, it gives 8.7 rubles.

You can calculate the cost of rent: if one square meter costs one hundred rubles, then renting the entire premises will cost 10,000 rubles. In this case, the rent to calculate the cost of one square meter of finished products will be 2.40 rubles.

Costs of necessary materials and energy

To make the product you will need the following material:

polymer;
construction sand;
coloring pigment.

Composition of a mixture of polymer and sand:

polymer - 24.60%;
sand-75%;
pigments - 0.40%.

We take into account the average price of materials:

sand – 0.33 rubles per kilogram;
pigment – 50 rubles per kilogram;
polymer – 13.60 rubles per kilogram.

Thus, one ton of the above material will cost 3,795 rubles.

At the same time, to calculate the cost of one square meter of finished products, the cost of raw materials will be 136.60 rubles.

The equipment uses electricity per shift:

press - 22 kW; melting and heating unit - 100 kW;
light bulbs - 12 kW;
concrete mixer - 1.5 kW.

Total: 135.5 kW is used per shift.

Taking into account the fee of 4.03 rubles per 1 kWh, the cost of electricity per square meter of finished product will be 7.8 rubles.

Calculation of the cost of one meter of square paving slabs:

Final calculations:

Conclusion

This type of business is one of the fastest paying businesses. Anyone can organize this business, since there are no particular difficulties in producing paving slabs. An undeniable advantage is the quick return on investment of the business. The disadvantages include the seasonality of the work and the monotony of the process itself.

Production of paving slabs: business plan step by step + 5 types of tiles + 3 production methods + detailed investment calculations.

Capital investments: 968,800 rubles.
Payback period: 3 months.

Production of paving slabs- a profitable business with a long-term development perspective.

The infrastructure of modern cities requires constant replenishment of reserves of building materials, including paving slabs.

Why paving slabs? Because this is a business that is always relevant. Think about how many sidewalks are tiled in your city. The building materials market is always in demand + the pace of infrastructure development is increasing, which implies an increase in the need for consumables.

Own tile production is an expensive business, because the cost of high-quality equipment starts from $5,000. The main positive side is the profitability of over 100%.

Do you have the money and desire to open your own paving slab production? Let's start building now!

Production of paving slabs - let's start with marketing

To begin with, you should answer a few basic questions about promoting any product:

What to sell?
Who should I sell to?
What price should I set?

The correct answers to these questions can form the perfect sales marketing plan. Start with the first one.

What to sell?

Paving slabs? This is not the answer that will give you a competitive advantage.

You need to decide on a specific product. Initially, you will have a small production line - you shouldn’t spread yourself thin.

Consider the main types of tiles and choose the option that suits you:

View	a brief description of
Sidewalk paving stones	The surface of the tile is hard and frost-resistant; it contains granite chips. Rectangular or chipped shape, the lower and side edges are smooth, the color scheme is predominantly strict. Reusable and resistant to mechanical damage.
Crumb rubber tiles	The composition includes crumb rubber + polyurethane glue. Shape and size may vary depending on the area of use. It is used for children's and sports grounds, places with an increased risk of injury.
Reinforced	High strength tiles. Inside there is a wire mesh that can significantly increase the mechanical resistance of the product. Produced only by vibration casting. It is frost-resistant, adheres to a strict design, and is used for laying parking lots and entrances to factory buildings.
Polymer sand	Consists of polymer, sand and pigment. Lightweight and frost-resistant, used for laying pedestrian areas. The only negative is low strength. The production method is characterized by the use of high pressure to increase the homogeneity of the mixture.
3D design	Paving slabs with 3D print. The peculiarity is that the print is resistant to mechanical damage and all kinds of weather conditions. In terms of its physical qualities, it is in no way different from the most ordinary paving slabs.

So, the production of paving stones for sidewalks is the best solution for a beginning entrepreneur.

Paving stones are easy to make and popular both in the city and in the private sector. Simplicity sells well. Simple forms appeal to most potential buyers.

Who should I sell to?

The sales market for paving slabs is limited by the scope of application.

Think about where you could find tiles? Obviously on the sidewalks! You do understand that it is advisable to use paving slabs only for laying city roadsides, or to use them for decorating private sector areas?

We determine a list of possible customers:

State utility structures that are engaged in beautification of the city territory.
Construction companies.
Owners of private sector houses.

Which one should you focus on?

Of course, the best customer is government agencies. They will provide you with constant sales volumes.

But, as a beginner, you do not have the necessary status and opportunity to immediately get into the ranks of leaders.
The target audience for the project that will be discussed in this guide is the private sector.

Owners of private buildings purchase considerable volumes of tiles. It gives a certain status to the “estate” and promotes comfortable movement in the yard in any weather.

What price should I set?

Vibration pressing. This path will allow the entrepreneur to increase the volume of goods. But at the same time, you will have to shell out a fairly substantial amount of money on equipment for the production of paving slabs.

Financial issue: equipment for the production of paving slabs

Equipment for the production of paving slabs is the main expense item in starting this business.

Buying a new brick making machine or finding a used one is a pressing question for a novice entrepreneur.

Compare prices for all major equipment and draw the appropriate conclusions:

Equipment	Cost, rub.)	Purpose
Vibropress	~ 500 000	Production of paving slabs. Depending on the shape of the matrix, it can be used to produce blocks and other building materials from concrete mortar. Due to vibration and the influence of the punch, the solution is converted into a dense structure.
Hyperpress	450 000	Allows you to form tiles using high hydraulic pressure, thereby compacting the mixture to the desired hardness.
Vibrating table	30 000	The solution in the matrix hardens due to prolonged exposure to vibration. At the end we get tiles that need to undergo a long drying process.
Form	100	Formation of a product with specified parameters. The forms are made of plastic, which ensures durability and functionality + resistance to the influence of the solution.
Rack	2 750	Size: 2000x300x1000 mm. Used to place tiles during the drying process. The base is steel. The rack must be able to withstand the appropriate load.
Concrete mixer	14 000	With the help of a concrete mixer, the solution acquires a uniform consistency, which avoids differences in the composition of the finished tiles.

A complete production line costs from 50,000 to 800,000 RUR. Equipment for the production of paving slabs using a brick press will cost 520,000 rubles.

1) Molds for the production of paving slabs.

Molds for the production of paving slabs deserve special attention. They differ in their design, resistance to mechanical damage, and composition.

Let's look at a comparative table that will give you an idea of the main types of forms depending on the composition:

Compound	Peculiarities
Metal	Durable, simple design. If you have experience working with welding and metal, you can try making the mold yourself. Problem: constant exposure of metal to water leads to rapid corrosion. It is important to use stainless metal.
Tree	Affordable, you can easily assemble it yourself using plywood and wooden slats. Easy to modify. Problem: the wood becomes saturated with moisture and swells, making it difficult to remove the tiles. You can use polyethylene mats to avoid direct contact of the solution with the wood.
Plastic	The forms are light, quite strong, but short-lived, since plastic does not have the best strength indicators . You won't be able to make a mold yourself - working with liquid plastic is very difficult.
Silicone	Flexible forms capable of withstanding 50 to 100 cycles of use. High-quality silicone allows you to create tiles of any shape, which is a huge plus.

Every tile manufacturer faces a question: is it possible to make a mold yourself?

A standard mold is used 50 (plastic) to 200 (metal) times.

To avoid big expenses, you can make molds yourself. The best material is metal or wood. Savings - 50%. But if you are not confident in your design abilities, the best way out is to buy a ready-made mold.

Making molds yourself makes sense only if you use a vibrating table as the main production method. Assembling a matrix for a brick making machine yourself is not best idea, because you will not be able to adhere to the technological process from start to finish.

2) Machine for the production of paving slabs.

The cost of a brick press ranges from 300,000 to 500,000 rubles. Not the best price for a novice entrepreneur! Is it possible to find an alternative to a new tile making machine?

A used machine costs 40 - 50% less than a new one. But it is important to understand that such savings in the first stages of production will lead to future expenses for repairs + may result in a complete stop of work.

Does a machine for producing paving slabs with such an appearance inspire confidence in you?

Is risk a noble cause?

It's up to you to decide. Remember that idle operation of the mini-plant will lead to a decrease in efficiency. The best solution is not to save money and buy a new press that will ensure uninterrupted operation of the enterprise.

How to decide on the premises?

We sorted out the equipment. Now it’s time to think about where to place all the production equipment.

What should you consider when choosing a room?

Remember, you need to think about the location of the warehouse and workshop in the same room. For these purposes you will need 100-120 sq. m.

Obviously, producing paving slabs at home is nonsense.

Ceiling height >3 m.

Water supply.

Water is necessary both for concrete formation and for hygienic purposes.

Electricity - 3 phases.

Availability of space zoning.

It is necessary to separate the workshop area from the warehouse and the hygienic corner.

Convenient access to the warehouse.

You are engaged in the production of tiles, transportation of which is not the easiest task. Take care of your customers - organize a comfortable entrance.

Rental price 1 sq. m. warehouse - 150 rub. Respectively, room of 100 sq. m. will cost 15,000 rubles/month.

Personnel for the production of paving slabs

How many personnel are needed to service the workshop? First, you should figure out the volumes of tiles that you are ready to produce per day.

For the operation of a workshop that produces 50 sq. m. of tiles per day using a vibropress, you need to hire 3 employees:

The work of a sales manager and accountant will fall on your shoulders. When the company begins to generate stable income, you can hire specialists for these positions.

Newbies in the production of paving slabs

often make many mistakes due to ignorance of technology.

Important secrets from the manufacturer in this video will help you avoid them!

Production of paving slabs: equipment, personnel, premises - financial calculations

968,800 rubles - start-up capital for opening a tile production. How much money should you shell out for monthly infusions?

Monthly investment in tile production

Every month production will take 383,000 rubles from you.

Profitability calculation

50 sq. m. of tiles per day – 1,500 sq. m. per month;
1 sq. m. costs 550 rubles;
“dirty” income will be 825,000 rubles;
“clean” - 442,000 rubles;
payback – 3 months.

Profitability is very high, which allows you to achieve payback in 3 months and then work to expand production. This is the most obvious advantage of this business idea.

You learned the basics of how to organize production of paving slabs. Business plan- this is only a small part in the practical implementation of the project. Study the technological process, the legislative component and start working on your business today.

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In the modern world, with the growth of people's well-being, more and more attention is paid to the decoration of patios, paths in gardens, and areas adjacent to the building. Those who have sufficient financial resources can afford to make them from granite or marble.

But most people purchase paving slabs for these purposes. Therefore, a small business producing paving slabs, if properly organized, will not only generate some income, but also flourish. In addition, the business can include not only the production of tiles, but also the work of laying them. This will attract many more people who want to purchase it from you.

Where to start a business

Before you start formalizing and registering a paving slab production business, you need to develop a business plan. What should be included in it?

First, you need to decide on the choice of tile manufacturing technology.
Then select the appropriate equipment, calculate the costs based on its cost, transportation costs for delivery and installation.
Next, calculate the amount of raw materials required for the production of one batch of paving slabs and its cost.
Consider how finished products will be packaged and where they will be stored.
Based on this, the area of the room is determined.
It is also necessary to think about ways to sell finished products and expected income.

Let's take a closer look at each point of the business plan.

Types of paving slabs

There are several types of paving slabs, which have fundamental differences due to the choice of raw materials for their production.

Classic paving slabs. Concrete mixtures are used in its production. It can have different surface textures: smooth, Greek, Roman, parquet and scales, circles and stars, shagreen, etc. Such tiles are produced in several colors: blue, gray, green, red and yellow. Tile size 315x315x40 mm.
Polymer sand tiles (plastic). It is based on a mixture of polymeric materials and sand with various modulating additives. This is a durable and practical type, resistant to corrosion and other mechanical and chemical influences. It retains its color throughout its entire service life. It does not generate sparks or cement dust, which allows it to be used for arranging floors in industrial premises and bathrooms.
A relatively new type of paving slab is rubber. It is made from crushed car tires, which makes this type of tile flexible. It is resistant to acids and alkalis, has elasticity, does not cause wear on shoes, and does not crumble even in severe frosts. This is an ideal option for equipping children's and sports grounds, areas around swimming pools. It has a slightly rough surface that provides good grip on the sole of the shoe, which prevents slipping.

Manufacturing technology

There are two technologies for the production of paving slabs:

Vibrocompression. Products obtained by semi-dry pressing have accurate geometric dimensions, stable operational parameters, high frost resistance and low (up to 5%) water absorption. The disadvantage of this method is expensive equipment. The cheapest concrete block press “Condor” (for small businesses) costs 250,000 rubles. Its power is 4.4 kW, productivity is 40 m² of paving slabs, size 200x100x70 mm, per shift. It is equipped with a concrete block press with a Poisson matrix, a pumping station and a control panel. Racks and pallets must be purchased separately.
Vibration casting. Tiles produced using this technology have high performance qualities. It is distinguished by a smooth, glossy surface. This is the best option for small businesses. The cost of equipment is from 27,000 rubles.

The technological process in both cases consists of the following stages:

Preparation of appropriate forms. Before use, each mold must be lubricated with a special compound. It is better to use emulsol. It is applied in a thin layer, using a brush or spraying. It is prohibited to lubricate them with compounds that contain petroleum products. The molds can be used without pre-lubrication. The only condition in this case is to treat them with an antistatic agent before the first use. After removing the finished tile from the mold, it is washed with a 7% hydrochloric acid solution.
Preparation of the composition for filling. To do this, a mixture of sand and crushed stone, cement and filler, and the required amount of water are placed in the concrete mixer. When preparing colored single-layer tiles, dye is added. In the production of two-layer tiles using two concrete mixers, the dye is used only in the second mixer.
Forming and pouring the prepared mixture into molds on a vibrating table, or compaction using vibration pulses from a press.
Drying the product in natural conditions. To do this, forms with the mixture are placed on special racks or left on the floor. When drying with hot steam, they are placed in special containers. To prevent excess moisture loss, the forms are covered with film. Drying time from 15 to 24 hours.
The finished tiles are removed from the molds on a special table with vibration. Forms with finished tiles are immersed in special baths with water heated to 50ºC for a couple of minutes. The polymers from which the molds are made expand, and the tiles are easily removed. After the unmolding process, the tiles are placed on pallets, tied with packing tape and covered with stretch film or special shrink film made of polyethylene.
Transportation for storage or sale.

Necessary equipment

To make paving slabs you will need the following equipment:

Gravity type concrete mixer, driven by V-belt and gear drive. To produce single-layer tiles, one unit is enough. Making two-layer tiles will require two concrete mixers. The cost of one concrete mixer is from 10,000 rubles.
A forming vibrating table with a vibration frequency of 80 Hz and a power consumption of 250 V, dimensions 180x80x80 cm, will cost 27 thousand rubles. You will have to spend about 17 thousand rubles to purchase a table for unmolding.
Equipment for packaging, including stretch film, metal or PP tape, as well as a device for tensioning and compressing staples. Its cost is from 3000 rubles.
To move finished products to the storage location, you will need a hydraulic rocker, costing from 7,000 rubles.
Forms for filling the mixture, in quantities of up to 200 pieces, at a price of 35 rubles or more per piece. They can be:
1. rubber - up to 500 fills are used,
2. plastic (PVC) – up to 250 fills;
3. polyurethane – up to 100 fills.
During the drying period, the forms are covered with reinforced PVC film. Its cost is 45 rubles and more per linear meter.
Racks on which molds with tiles are placed for curing.
Pallets (pallets) for transporting finished products.

Raw materials for making tiles

The following raw materials are used for production:

Cement grade M500 D-0 (without additives) or M400.
Crushed granite stone (fraction size should not exceed 10 mm).
Sand, the particle size modulus of which is less than 2. To prepare the mixture, take 1 part crushed stone and 3 parts sand.
Mineral supplements (dry):
- Dispersant - added to the first layer. First, a solution is prepared by pouring 5 kg of dispersant into 20 liters of hot (60ºC) water. One liter of prepared solution is added to 50 kg of cement.
- Plasticizer – used in preparing the second layer of tiles. To do this, 1 kg of plasticizer is diluted with 4 liters of hot water. For 50 kg of cement, take ¼ of the prepared solution. Both modifiers are placed in the concrete mixer simultaneously with the main mixture.
- Dyes (pigment) are added to the mixture at the rate of 2 kg of dye per 50 kg of cement. Exceeding this norm reduces the frost resistance and strength of the finished tile.

Product cost and business profitability

To calculate the cost of 1 m², the following indicators are taken:

The cost of renting the premises.
Costs for electricity and water supply.
Expenses for wages of workers.
The cost of one cubic meter of concrete, which produces an average of 16 m² of tiles.

Let’s say the cost of producing one square meter of paving slabs was:

The cost of raw materials including delivery is 110 rubles,
Electricity – 1.30 rub.
Depreciation costs for the operation of premises and equipment - 3 rubles.
Salary – 9.5 rubles
Taxes – 1.2 rubles.

Total: the cost of one m² of tile was 125 rubles.

In one month, 8,000 m² of paving slabs were produced and sold at a conventional price of 300 rubles per square meter.

Income received - 2,400,000 rubles.
Spent on production – 1,000,000 rubles
Taxes paid - 400,000 rubles.
Net profit - 1,000,000 rubles.

Even if the tiles are sold at a lower cost, production will still be profitable. Having a constant sales market, all costs for equipment, etc., will pay off quickly enough.

But you will have to take care of selling products. Various promotions will be required, including advertising brochures with product descriptions. The most effective of them is advertising on various Internet resources. Don't forget about the prospects. Since any business must constantly develop, and not stop at the achieved results.

Modern construction cannot do without paving paving slabs, so many entrepreneurs set up their own production of concrete products. In order to fully and accurately assess profitability and compare the advantages and disadvantages of such a business, it is necessary to study this issue thoroughly.

Production of paving slabs: niche assessment

Paving slabs are in high demand in any region of the country. It has the widest range not only in shades, but also in shapes, configurations, and sizes. With its help, you can create true masterpieces on city streets and private areas. Therefore, the production of paving slabs is considered the most profitable business in our time.

In order for your tile production to be successful, you must adhere to basic manufacturing technologies. The following performance characteristics must be met:

frost resistance and high temperatures;
strength;
endurance to mechanical stress;
durability, etc.

If we evaluate the sales niche, then vibropressed paving slabs are the most popular. For example, ordinary paving stones are the top seller - they are bought in 60 cases out of 100. The remaining types are distributed approximately equally - 20-40%.

Characteristics of the most popular types of paving slabs

Vibropressed. Made from concrete mixture. During production, special vibrocompression equipment is used. Refers to the most common. It has high quality indicators and a wide range.

Vibrocast. It is made according to the previous method, but with the difference that the tiles are not pressed, but are made by casting on vibration equipment. It is also a popular type and is of high quality.

Polymer-sand. Polymer substances are used in manufacturing. It features a wide range of shades and textures. It is possible to imitate stone, wood, slate and other natural materials. Strength is at a high level.

Glowing. Such tiles are not a bestseller, as they have a high cost. Most often it is bought for private areas. Quality indicators are good, used mainly for decorative purposes.

Rubber. Rubber raw materials are used in production. Distinctive feature– anti-slip properties. The quality is high.

Any manufacturer at the initial stage of opening a business is engaged in the production of exclusively vibro-pressed and vibro-cast paving slabs. The fact is that such building material requires a minimum of capital investment and has a high level of return on investment. In 2-3 months you can fully return the invested funds and make your first profit.

You can get acquainted with the production technology of vibratory-pressed paving slabs by watching the video:

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

payback rate;
opportunity to earn 100-200 rubles per 1 sq. m of product, and this is a significant amount, since the buyer purchases a large number of tiles at once;
a wide range of sales - from individuals to government agencies;
There is no seasonality in sales, since modern paving slabs can be installed in any weather conditions.

Flaws:

expensive equipment;
the need to initially invest a large amount of money;
you will have to rent space for the production workshop.

How to start making paving slabs: costs at the start

Before starting your own production of paving slabs, you need to calculate the costs at the start, that is, determine the amount of investment. First of all, it is calculated production cost. The tiles are made from flat-cement concrete and a special plasticizer, which improves quality indicators. A cubic meter will cost you approximately 2800-3000 rubles. From a cubic meter you can make about 15-17 square meters. m. paving slabs. Thus, the average cost of 1 sq. m. of tiles will be 170 rubles minimum.

Don’t forget about spending on electricity, workers’ salaries, and renting premises. Others may also arise production costs. Therefore, you need to add at least 50 rubles to 170 rubles. Consequently, your paving slabs will cost you 220 rubles at least per 1 sq. m. m. It is possible to purchase raw materials cheaper, but in this case, pay special attention to quality indicators.

Be sure to think about employees who will need to be paid at the end of the month (week). Initially, you don’t know how quickly the sale will go, so the amount is wages you should have some in stock. If you plan a small production, for example, in a workshop of 50 sq. m, then you will only need to hire 2-3 employees.

Provided that you find buyers in a short time, the profitability of production will be 150%. To do this, at the initial stages, you can make tiles from inexpensive materials.

Registration and certification

For your business to be legal, you need to register. For small-scale production, registration as an individual entrepreneur is possible. This will make it possible to choose a profitable and simplified taxation system, which will be only 6%. No special certification is required for paving slabs, which simplifies the task even more. However, the majority of buyers require a quality certificate, so it is advisable to order it additionally. To do this, you need to contact the certification service and provide them with samples of each of your products. The service checks the degree of moisture resistance, strength, and resistance to various temperature changes. Resistance to mechanical stress, fading in the sun and color retention must be taken into account.

Organization, equipment

To properly organize your business, you first need to purchase the appropriate equipment. It must be reliable and of high quality. If you don’t have the required amount, you can rent it at the initial stages. You will need the following:

For vibropressed paving slabs you need concrete block press. The price from foreign manufacturers is about $20,000. In addition, you need to purchase concrete mixer, the cost of which is $5,000. You will also need punch for $3,000.
To make vibro-cast paving slabs, you need to buy a special vibrating table. Its price is only $4,000. Concrete mixer can be purchased for as little as $600.
You can't do without forms. One form costs from 1 $ to 8 $.
Molds should be washed after each use. Therefore you will need large capacity. Here you can use a regular bathroom. But if you decide to purchase a professional model, it will cost you at least $1,000.
To store finished products, you need to buy special pallets.
Buy Desktop, on which you will remove the paving slabs from the mold.
You will also need a device for tensioning clamping bands, staples, PP tape, stretch film, and a forklift.

Warehouse space

Warehouse space and production itself can be rented or purchased. It must meet certain requirements:

the presence of heating, since production requires an air temperature of 15-40 degrees;
central water supply;
electricity with a voltage of 380 Volts;
the minimum area should be 50 sq. m;
ventilation.

Purchase of raw materials

To avoid unnecessary costs, it is necessary to properly purchase raw materials. For example, for production of 30 sq. m of paving slabs you need to buy 0.8 tons of cement, 2.3 kg of plasticizer, 2.5 kg of sand-granite mixture and coloring pigments in the entire palette. Finding a supplier is quite easy. You can contact the mining quarry management yourself. This method will be the most profitable. If this is not possible, you can find an intermediary company, and there are a lot of them today.

Try to purchase cement, pigments and other components from one manufacturer. This is especially important for pigment, since each manufacturer has unique shades of the same color.
The storage area should be well ventilated and not have high humidity.
Fractions of granite crushed stone should be at least 5 mm, maximum 10.
The most popular plasticizer is grade C3.

When choosing a supplier, be sure to inquire about his reputation and experience in the market. Remember, it must be reliable and proven.

How to implement? The most common methods

In the process of opening the production of paving slabs, take care of preliminary advertising. After all, this is how you can interest a potential buyer. Initially make tile samples various forms, sizes and shades. Create a product catalog, order booklets that will contain information about the product, its benefits, and range.

The most common and reliable ways to sell products:

It is best to post information on online platforms.
It is advisable to create your own website.
You can also find customers through advertisements in newspapers, magazines, television, etc. It is especially important to place advertisements in a specialized construction publication, since it is the consumer audience that reads it.
Order advertising in public transport, from minibuses to the metro.
Place advertisements in holiday villages and private sector areas, especially if it is an elite residential area.
A fairly popular method of self-promotion is participation in specialized exhibitions.
You can use direct mail.
Organize a point of sale (you can even do it at the place of production).
Experienced manufacturers can also use an unusual marketing ploy. For example, offer a company or government agency free service. That is, you can lay paving slabs in front of the building completely free of charge. In return, you must be provided with advertising.

Main consumers of paving slabs

Who most often buys concrete products:

Construction companies of any type, buyers for the construction of municipal buildings, fulfillment of other types of orders.
Private individuals.
Legal entities.

Paving slabs are a product that is in ever-growing demand and does not lose its relevance. It is used to cover squares, sidewalks, steps, roads, and driveways for cars.

In the paving slab market, the share of large manufacturers is 95%, small - 5%. Consumers are municipal authorities, commercial enterprises, and private individuals.

Paving slabs are gradually replacing asphalt pavement. According to experts, the business of its production is highly profitable (100%) and is profitable.

clarify production volumes and selling prices from future competitors;
identify possible clients (shops, open cafes, hotels, construction companies);
find potential suppliers of raw materials.

After the analysis, if the market is insufficiently saturated, it is possible to calculate the profitability of production with higher productivity. An entrepreneur who does not have experience in running such a business should not immediately purchase an expensive set of equipment. You can purchase it additionally after receiving large orders.

Industrial production of paving slabs as a business: where to start?

When starting a business you should consider:

tile manufacturing technology;
select equipment and calculate the costs of its purchase, delivery, installation;
calculate the amount of raw materials and costs for them;
resolve the issue of packaging finished products;
provide for advertising costs;
think over ways to implement tiles.

Selecting a room

There are no requirements or restrictions for the premises for the production of paving slabs.

The area must be sufficient to accommodate the equipment; a room of 70 m2 or more is suitable.

According to technology, a certain temperature regime must be observed during the production of tiles, therefore, in winter, the room must be heated.

Additionally, a drying chamber is required (with a constant temperature of about 45 degrees), the floor in it must be warm, there must be no ventilation. Finished products require a warehouse. Requires connection to water supply and 360 V power supply.

The technology for producing tiles using the vibration casting method requires a constant supply of water in large quantities, therefore communications must be reliable.

Documents for registration of activities

To open a business you need

Paving slabs are not subject to mandatory certification in the GOST system, however, you can voluntarily obtain an EZ (expert opinion).

After checking the tiles (for strength, frost resistance, water absorption, abrasion, and other properties), the certification center issues a document confirming the quality. This increases the competitiveness of the product. A consumer who is serious about choosing tiles will certainly pay attention to all the characteristics.

Equipment for the production of paving slabs

To produce paving slabs you need:

concrete mixer;
forming vibrating table;
stripping table;
plastic forms.

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Production personnel

3 people will be able to cope with the technological process (preparing concrete, pouring it into molds, pressing and sending it to the drying chamber), provided that the daily production of paving slabs is 50 m2.

They do not require special education. If demand increases during the high season, several additional people can be hired.

Sample business plan for the production of paving slabs

Initial investment in production:

melting and heating unit 540 thousand rubles;
press D2430 470 thousand rubles;
mold PP TR 210 thousand rubles;
concrete mixer SBR-500 69 thousand rubles;
commissioning works 110 thousand rubles;
bath for washing molds 5 thousand rubles;
scales MK-15.2 4.2 thousand rubles.

Total: 1408.2 thousand rubles.

Necessary materials:

cement;
sand;
plasticizer;
pigment.

Necessary costs:

The cost of raw materials is 3,794 rubles/ton (136.58 rubles per 1 m2 of tiles).
60 thousand rubles. (subject to working 1 shift). Wage costs will be 28.58 rubles. per 1 m2 of tiles.
Tax deductions 8.7 rub. per 1 m2 of tiles.
Rent of premises 10 thousand rubles. (2.38 rubles per 1 m2 of tiles).
Energy consumption per shift is 135 kW (RUB 7.8 per 1 m2 of tile).

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Cost of 1 m2 of paving slabs:

The price of paving slabs is 480 – 500 rubles/m2. With a monthly production of 50 x 22 = 1100 m2 of tiles, the amount from its sale will be 528 thousand rubles.

Industrial production of paving slabs as a business: profitability and payback

The calculation was made taking into account the daily production of 50 m2 of tiles and its selling price of 400 rubles/m2. When organizing 2-shift work, income will double and the payback period will be shortened.

The production of paving slabs as a business using the vibration casting method involves more manual labor, therefore, the cost of workers' wages increases. The cost is also affected by the type of raw material: to produce high-quality tiles you need washed sand, the cost of which is several times higher than regular sand.

, technology, business plan and other issues were discussed in detail in our article at the link.

It is not recommended to save on raw materials: due to their Low quality the tiles will become unusable in 3 years, this will ruin the entrepreneur's reputation. To reduce costs, the production process should be optimized.

Video on making paving slabs

Production of paving slabs as a business - in this video you can watch the tile manufacturing technology: