Next to a private house or cottage there is always a free plot of land where you can build a small but extremely useful structure - a barn. Its purpose is very diverse, from storing equipment and solid fuel for the stove, to keeping animals. Wood is most often used to build a shed. And this is completely justified: it is affordable, durable and easy to use. You can build the structure yourself, following simple step-by-step instructions.
The first questions that will need to be resolved before starting construction: where and what to build the barn from? The area of plots is often limited, so you need to use the land to the maximum. As an option, you can build a shed against one of the walls of the house or fence. If there is enough space, then you can choose absolutely any place, the main thing is that the building is convenient to use.
You can build a wooden shed from different materials:
The first two types of wood will provide a high-quality, durable and warm construction, but the construction process requires large financial and physical costs. The remaining types are suitable for lightweight structures that will be used as storage space; they will certainly cost less, and even one person can build such a shed.
Advantages of a wooden shed:
- Possibility to build “warm” and “cold” versions of the structure;
- Fast construction time;
- Availability and wide range of materials for construction;
- Ecological purity of wood;
- Possibility of using any decorative finishing and lightweight types of foundation.
Don't forget about the appearance of the barn. It should be harmoniously combined with other buildings on the site. Exterior unity can be achieved through modern finishing materials, such as siding or corrugated sheeting. 
In order not to make a mistake when calculating the amount of materials, it is necessary to prepare in advance a plan with the exact dimensions of the shed and make markings on a plot of land. 
You also need to stock up on fasteners, tools and materials for arranging the foundation and decorative finishing, if required.
Construction of a shed from timber or logs
If the outbuilding must last for many years, then it is best to choose timber or logs as the basis for the walls, because the service life of buildings made from them can reach 70 years. These materials will provide high-quality thermal insulation in case of keeping livestock or poultry indoors. The building is also suitable for storing equipment. To build a large barn, additional labor will be required.
It is better not to use a shed made of timber or logs for storing firewood, since it does not have sufficient ventilation to dry the heating oil.
Foundation preparation
If there is no time to prepare the foundation, you can replace it with pillars dug to a depth of 60-80 cm.
The principle of laying the foundation is similar to that described above.
Strapping and erection of frame
It is more convenient to start construction by arranging a site that will serve as a floor and foundation for the construction of walls. The lower trim should be made of 150x150 mm timber, treated with an antiseptic. The foundation must first be covered with roofing felt to protect the structure from moisture. 
The strapping bars can be joined end-to-end and secured with metal corners, or in half a tree. In the second case, the joints must be secured with nails or studs.
The floor joists are attached to the frame with special brackets or corners. To do this, 50-60 mm boards are placed on edge and fixed with self-tapping screws onto the beams in increments of no more than 60 cm. The location of the joists must be aligned along the upper edge of the trim so that when laying the floor the surface is level.
The next stage is installation of the floor. It can be fixed with self-tapping screws or nails. It is important to ensure that there are no gaps, and that the outer contours of the floorboard or OSB coincide with the bottom trim. 
Then the racks are mounted at the corners of the base and secured with the top trim. To make your work easier when building a pitched roof, the racks can be immediately adjusted to size, two of them should be 50-80 cm higher. For a gable roof, all racks must be made the same. Next, additional supports are installed along the perimeter of the walls every 50 cm and openings are formed for windows and doors. 
Roof construction
It is advisable to erect a shed roof for a barn - it is quick and economical. Moreover, the attic in such small buildings is rarely used.
If the top frame is at an angle, then the rafters from the boards can be laid directly on it, turning them on the edge. The distance between them should be no more than 50 cm so that the roof can withstand a large snow load.
Plank sheathing is laid on the rafter system. The pitch depends on the roofing material. Under roofing felt, the sheathing must be solid; under ondulin, boards can be laid at a distance of no more than 40 cm; under corrugated sheeting, a step of 60 cm is acceptable. 
Wall cladding and installation of doors and windows
You can cover the walls with OSB or boards (edged and unedged). The slabs and edged boards are laid end-to-end and secured with self-tapping screws or nails. Unedged lumber is mounted with an overlap so that there are no gaps between the boards. 
It is better to use ready-made windows, since their manufacture requires the skills of a carpenter. The door can also be custom made from wood, metal or plastic, or cut from OSB board and reinforced with bars.
All stages of the construction of a frame shed can be clearly studied in the presented video.
Finishing
OSB or board does not always look attractive. In addition, if the boards are waterproof, then the lumber needs protection from moisture, sunlight and insects. Therefore, decorative cladding of a frame barn is an almost mandatory condition for durability and aesthetics. appearance.
You can also arrange a cellar under the barn, which you can make yourself.
The building can be sheathed with different types of materials. When choosing them, you should focus on the exterior of adjacent buildings. For example, siding can perfectly imitate brick, logs and other materials; if corrugated sheets are used in the decoration of the house, then the barn should be sheathed with the same, choosing the appropriate shade. 
House or country outbuildings are most often built from wood and its derivatives. These materials provide variability in construction and the quality of the finished shed. If all the work is done correctly, the building will last a very long time, retain its attractive appearance and will not lose its functionality. Therefore, it is so important to follow all stages of construction from laying the foundation to decorative finishing.
A barn on a country plot is vital. Otherwise, you will have to store gardening tools and equipment in the house itself. Naturally, this will not contribute to comfortable living. A barn is a simple, lightweight structure. Making it with your own hands is quite possible for most skilled men.
Why do you need a frame shed?
An outbuilding in the form of a barn on a country plot is vital. It is intended for storing gardening and gardening equipment, ranging from a simple shovel or hoe to a walk-behind tractor, watering pump and other expensive equipment. In addition, storing pesticides, fertilizers or a small supply of gasoline in other rooms is simply unsafe.
Thanks to the frame shed, it will be possible to store all garden tools
Advantages of frame construction
The main advantage of a frame structure is its rapid erection and low labor intensity of construction. The benefits are as follows:
- Possibility of using second or third grade lumber.
- Ease of design.
- The ability to quickly move to another place, if provided for by the design of the building. To do this, the support frame is made with a small protrusion and an undercut at an angle of 45 degrees, forming something like runners.
- Fast construction.
If we talk about the shortcomings of structures of this kind, they arise only in connection with design or execution errors.
A frame shed is built quickly and easily
Preparation for construction, design and calculations
Preparation for building a shed consists of the following activities:
- Determining the location. Since this building is intended for storing items and materials needed for use in the garden, the shed should be placed in an area adjacent to the front garden. To save space, it is better to build it closer to the boundary. The rules state that the shed should not be located closer than one meter to the neighboring plot.
- It is better to choose the dimensions of the building in terms of the rational use of materials. So, the optimal size option would be 6x4 meters. In this case, the length corresponds to the dimensions of the standard length of lumber - 6 meters, and the width assumes a two-meter long waste, which can be used for racks on the low (rear) side of the building. For the front part, you can cut the timber in half and take it completely onto the racks.
- Thus, the main dimensions of the barn with a pitched roof, the angle of inclination of which will be about 14 degrees, have been determined. This is an ideal building option in terms of rational use of materials.
- The distance between the frame posts should be no more than one and a half meters. At the extreme openings, jibs must be installed to counteract wind loads. The size of the timber for them should be the same as the size of the supporting support posts. If a beam of 100x100 millimeters is used, then the jib can be made from a beam of 50x100. A total of 8 such parts will be needed.
- The upper frame frame must be made of timber of the same size as the lower one, in our case it is 100x100 mm.
- For rafters, you can use 50x150 mm timber, installed vertically in width.
- External wall cladding should be made from any waterproof sheet material: plywood, OSB boards, plasterboard. A common material for walls is unedged board. The board must be sanded before installation.
Let's look at the supporting structure. The barn does not need a massive foundation. It can be installed on small concrete blocks, using them in the corners and in the middle of the walls. However, in areas with high wind loads, it is better to use screw anchors. This is a miniature version of a screw pile. It is enough to install them at a distance of two meters from each other, the total need for such parts will be 8 pieces.
If you use the frame diagram, you can make a durable shed with your own hands
Preparing the shed installation site
The site for this building is prepared as follows:
- It is necessary to free up space from the fertile layer, which will require removing the soil to a depth of 30 centimeters. Carefully level and compact the surface.
- After this, it is necessary to arrange a drainage layer by pouring sand 12–15 centimeters thick into the recess. Fill the rest with medium grade gravel and compact the entire surface.
Thus, the likelihood of stagnant water under the shed is reduced, which will easily drain through the drainage.
Calculation of material requirements
The amount of materials needed to build a shed can be conveniently calculated in tabular form.
Table: example of calculating materials for building a shed
| Name | Purpose | Quantity (pcs) | Size(cm) | Standard data (pcs/m3) | Notes |
| Anchor | Support structure | 6 | |||
| Pine beam 100x100 Total by type of material: | Bottom strap length Bottom trim width Upper harness by lenght Upper strap width Rear stand Rear stand Front pillar Doorway | 2 2 2 2 4 1 5 1 11 | 600 400 600 400 200 200 300 90s 200 600 | 16,6 | From segments From a segment Total requirement 0.7 cubic meters |
| Beam 100x50 Total by type of material: | Additional sheathing in openings Ukosiny Window openings 60x20 cm | 24 8 2 2 11 | 150 300 160 600 | 33 | Total requirement 0.33 cubic meters |
| The board is not edged Total by type of material: | External cladding overlapping the rear wall Same for the front wall Same for the side walls | 48 48 32 56 | 200 300 300 600 | 28 | Total requirement 2.0 cubic meters |
| Beam 50x150 mm | Translations | 7 | 400 | 22 | Remaining 7 pieces x200 mm Total requirement 0.33 cubic meters |
In addition to the above, you will need a plastic film for moisture protection. With a width of three meters, it requires 20 linear meters for the outer protective layer and the same amount for the inner one. Depending on price indicators, it can be replaced with roofing felt.
The final roof covering is taken for the simplest of financial reasons. Regular slate or fiberglass, galvanized or painted corrugated sheeting will do. When calculating the need, you need to take into account overhangs with a width of 0.3–0.5 meters.
It is better to make the interior decoration from sheet material. Leftovers from finishing the house will also come in handy.
Thermal insulation in an unheated barn room has the opposite meaning. In hot weather, it is important to maintain the temperature from overheating in the sun. In such a situation, without thermal insulation, it will be very uncomfortable to be in it. It is also important to perform high-quality waterproofing of the walls.
A frame shed can also be built on poles
Tools for building a shed
For such a simple structure, the need for tools is small.
Table: Tools for building a shed
Step-by-step instructions for building a frame shed
To build a shed you need to perform a series of sequential steps:
How to make a foundation
To build a shed you do not need a strong foundation. Often it is simply installed on brick stands. This directly depends on the nature of the soil at the location. If the subsoil layer consists of clay or heavy loam, this can lead to significant soil movements, as a result of which the structure can be warped, damaging the walls and jamming the doors. In such a situation, you need a fairly deep foundation, the supporting part of which will be below the freezing level of the soil.
The following types of support foundations meet these conditions:
- Pile-screw. Screw piles are screwed into the ground to the required depth, their upper ends must be aligned horizontally along a stretched cord. Then the heads are installed on them to secure the support beam. In addition to the quality of the soil, this choice can be made when building a barn on a slope.
- Columnar. For the device, you need to dig (or drill) holes below the freezing level of the soil. At the bottom, make drainage from sand (12–15 centimeters) and gravel in approximately the same layer, compact the backfill. Reinforcement is made with a frame of steel rods in the amount of 4–6 pieces vertically, fastened with cross members. The reinforcement support must be assembled on the surface and immersed in the pit. Install formwork of the required height on top of the ground. Concrete is poured into the ground. After seven days, the formwork can be removed and work can continue.
It makes no sense to consider other foundation designs. They are heavier and more expensive to construct: strip, grillage and other types of support bases, and they are inappropriate for a structure weighing several hundred kilograms.
Photo gallery: types of lightweight foundations for lightweight buildings
A columnar foundation with a concrete grillage serves as a reliable support 
Lightweight foundation on piles will withstand loads on unfavorable soils 
A pile-screw foundation with a wooden grillage for installing a shed does not require excavation work 
Strip foundation - a lightweight option for installing a light structure
Frame structure
The base for the shed is ready for further installation when the timber frame is installed and secured over the supports. It should represent a regular rectangle, the diagonals of which are equal to each other. The check is carried out by measuring with a long tape measure or cord.
Frame assembly:
- Installation of floor joists. A timber measuring 50x150 mm is used. The distance between the logs should be 75 cm. Each of them cuts into the strapping beam to a depth of 50 mm. The corresponding insert is also performed. It needs to be secured with a nail in the middle and two corners to the body of the strapping beam.
- Installation of corner posts. Three-meter high racks are installed on the front wall, and two-meter high ones on the rear wall. The distance between them is 1.5 meters. Corner posts are placed vertically with plumb control. They need to be fixed with temporary jibs, check the verticality again and secure them to the harness with two corners and two flat plates each. Fastening is done with self-tapping screws.
- A cord is stretched between the corner posts and the rest are installed at the specified distance along it. Fastening is done with angles and plates.
- Installation of the top trim made of 100x100 mm timber. For inclined beams, the supports are cut with the required slope.
- Installation of transfers for roofing made of 50x150 mm timber. When connecting parts, a cut-in is made on the support beams. The transfers are fastened with screws or M12 studs with wide washers, two screws per joint.
- Jib fastening. They need to be placed from the top of the corner posts to the bottom trim. The material for them is a 50x100 mm block. Fastening is done with self-tapping screws.
- Lathing on the walls. It is made from a 50x100 mm bar. The parts are placed in openings formed by racks at a distance of a meter from each other, parallel to the frames. Fastening is done using flat plates with self-tapping screws.
As an option, you can consider making a shed frame from a profile pipe measuring 60x60x3 mm. The dimensions of the building are the same; the distance from the base of the lower frame to the top should be two meters.
The profile pipe for the frame will ensure long-term operation of the shed
The work is performed in the following order:
- Preparation of parts: racks and sheathing. Metal cutting is done with a grinder. In addition to pipe parts, you need to prepare metal corners that are installed at each pipe connection. The size of a triangular part made of steel 3 mm thick is 200x200 mm.
- The frame is welded by electric welding with angle control. The face welds are cleaned and the reinforcement is removed.
- Before further assembly, the metal frame is treated with a primer and then coated with metal paint.
- With a metal base, sheet materials are used for wall cladding: flat slate, fiberglass, OSB boards or moisture-resistant plywood.
- Moisture protection in this option is necessary. The film is pre-fixed with construction tape.
- Translations and logs are made from the same timber as for a wooden frame.
Video: building a metal frame for a barn
Floor and wall cladding
Further work on a wooden or steel frame is carried out almost identically:
- Wall covering. It can be made using various sheet materials. For economic reasons, we will opt for unedged boards. Before filling the boards onto the posts and sheathing, it is necessary to install a moisture barrier made of 200 micron thick polyethylene film or roofing felt. You can fasten it with a construction stapler to metal brackets.
Unedged boards are perfect for finishing the walls of a barn.
- Cover the back wall with boards in two-meter long sections, that is, three parts each. Fill the first row of boards, on top of which install the second, bridging the gaps. Similarly, sheath the front wall with boards three meters long, as well as the sides of the barn. Trimming the end of the side walls should be done in place after finishing the wall cladding.
- Before laying the roof, install a ceiling covering, which is best made from sheet material. First, make an internal sheathing from a board 25 mm thick, then stretch the moisture protection film, and attach the facing material to it with self-tapping screws.
For the ceiling in a barn it is better to use sheet material
- The ceiling insulation should be covered with any slab or roll material. A popular solution is to use expanded clay with a fraction of 5–10 millimeters. Fill it up between transfers and level it out. Install moisture protection on top, then finish the roof.
- To insulate the walls of the shed, you can lay one layer of insulation from the inside.
- Then sew the support strips along the bottom of the lag plane, and arrange a sheathing of 25 mm thick edged boards on them.
- Install moisture protection.
- Insulate the floor in the same way as the ceiling.
- Lay the floor covering over the joists. First you need to make a subfloor. You can use edged or unedged boards for it. A finishing coating is placed on top of the finished floor. In operating conditions of the barn, it is better to lay the floor with flat slate or cement-bonded particle board.
The subfloor in the barn is made of boards
- The last thing to do is cover the walls from the inside with any sheet material.
Calculation of the need for insulating materials
Thermal insulation of the floor is made with expanded clay. It is advisable to use a fraction of 5–10 millimeters. To insulate walls, it is better to take rolled or slab materials, using leftovers from building a house.
How much expanded clay do you need?
The volume of this bulk material is determined by the area of the backfill and the thickness of the layer. The floor area is: 6 x 4 = 24 square meters, the backfill layer taking into account the layer thickness of 0.1 meters will be 24 x 0.1 = 2.4 cubic meters For the ceiling you will need the following amount: 24 x 1.16 = 28 meters, 2, 4 + 2.8 = 5.2 cubic meters. The coefficient of 1.16 takes into account the angle of inclination of the side walls.
How much slab or roll insulation is needed?
The need for this material is determined by the area of the walls:
- The front wall has an area of 6 x 2 = 12 square meters.
- The total surface of the side walls will be: 4 x 2.5 x 2 = 20 sq. m.
- Front wall area: 3 x 8 = 18 sq. m.
Thus, the total area of insulation for covering the walls will be: 12 + 20 + 18 = 50 sq. m.
Photo gallery: finishing work of the barn
Sheathing the walls of a barn with planks is inexpensive and lasts a long time. 
Glass wool reliably maintains the temperature in the barn 
Laying OSB boards on the floor is a practical option for a barn 
Material with low thermal conductivity will protect the shed from overheating in the summer 
Plywood is an excellent material for finishing the ceiling in a barn
All wooden parts must be treated with fire-resistant impregnation and antiseptic. Otherwise, the barn will not last long.
Video: building a shed with a pitched roof yourself
The apparent simplicity of construction should not have a relaxing effect on the owner of the site. One way or another, you need to take into account the characteristics of the soil. If the movements lead to the structure being skewed, the door may jam or the window frames may break. And also the slightest inaccuracy or error in the choice of materials for construction will lead to the loss of incurred costs.
The arrangement of any suburban area begins with the construction of a barn - a building necessary for storing building materials, firewood and other household equipment. Building a shed with your own hands is a simple and quite feasible task, which can be implemented by any owner who has at least a little knowledge of construction. Since the barn is not a temporary structure and is a multifunctional structure that can not only be used to store necessary things, but also to keep domestic animals, you should carefully consider the location of the future building.
To facilitate the work, you can first draw up a plan diagram indicating the locations of future buildings. To build a barn, many owners allocate an area away from the front area so that it is hidden from prying eyes. Some are of the opinion that the shed should be placed closer to the house in order to have access to it at any time. In order to rationally use the territory for arranging the barn, an area that is poorly illuminated by the sun is selected, which is considered the least suitable for growing crops and carrying out other agricultural work.
When deciding on the location of the shed, it is not advisable to rush. After all, a barn that will serve for decades should complement, and not contrast with, the landscape of the area
When choosing a place to place a shed, you should focus on the location of other areas of the site, as well as the size of the structure being built and its appearance.
With the help of finishing work, you can transform even an unsightly hut into an original designer building, which will become a spectacular decoration of the site
Deciding on the design and exterior
Before you begin building a shed, you need to consider the shape, size and appearance of the future structure. The appearance of the building can be absolutely anything, starting with a simple small house without windows and with only one door, and ending with unusual structures, which, in addition to their direct purpose, can act as a decorative element of landscape design.
The simplest option is to build a shed measuring 2x3x2.5 m with a pitched roof, which is covered with roofing felt or roofing felt.
Such a shed can be built from ordinary unedged boards in just one or two days. The main advantages of the design are low cost and ease of construction. To transform the unsightly appearance of the building, you can plant climbing plants along the wall, or decorate the walls with decorative elements and flower pots.
Sheds with a gable roof look more attractive from an aesthetic point of view. Especially if the roof is equipped not with banal roofing material, but, for example, with bitumen shingles.
If, in addition to the kit, you also trim the walls with siding, then the usual unsightly barn can be transformed into a modern garden house
It is possible to build a combined shed, which can be used as a room for storing tools, as well as a greenhouse or greenhouse
The choice of materials depends on the functional significance of the building. Most barns are made of wood. But to create a more durable and reliable structure that will serve you well for several decades, you can build a shed from foam blocks or bricks. Brick barns are well suited for raising poultry and animals throughout the year. But such a structure should be erected on a shallow foundation.
Step-by-step example of constructing a frame shed
First, we suggest watching the video, and then reading the explanations for it:
Stage #1 – preparing the base
Any construction begins with laying the foundation. Before starting construction, you need to use a tape measure, pegs and rope to mark the site for the construction of the building. It is important to measure with a tape measure not only the sides, but also the diagonals of the marking.
The barn can be built on a slab, strip, column or pile-screw foundation. On ordinary non-heaving soils with low groundwater levels, a columnar foundation is most often laid.
To build a columnar foundation, it is necessary to prepare holes about 70 cm deep around the perimeter of the fenced area, as well as at the intersection of the internal walls of the building, every 1.5 m for the installation of brick columns or asbestos pipes
The installed columns must be checked for level, and then covered with a 15 cm layer of sand and gravel mixture and concreted. After this, let the foundation settle for several days.
Advice. To extend the service life and increase the waterproofing of the columns, you can treat them with a special mastic before filling them. It will take no more than a couple of two-kilogram cans of waterproofing material to process all the foundation pillars.
Stage #2 - installation of a frame made of wooden beams
The beams should first be treated with protective impregnation and an antiseptic. When purchasing a protective agent, it is better to choose an impregnation with a color, when working with which untreated areas of the surface will be better visible.
A base of timber is laid on an established foundation, the size of which corresponds to the size of the frame of the structure being built. The beams should be laid on posts covered with roofing felt
Boards 30-40 mm thick are laid on the equipped floor frame. When laying out floorboards, the main thing is to carefully measure and cut out the areas around the vertical posts. Having laid the floor at this stage of construction, it will be easier to install the walls.
When planning to level the floor with a plane in the future, it is advisable to use a “secret” method when attaching the boards to the joists. The number of support posts is determined taking into account the number of corners, as well as the presence of door and window openings. To set the beams strictly at level, you can use slope sticks. With their help you can temporarily fix the bars in the desired position. When nailing sticks, the nails should only be driven in halfway so that they can be easily pulled out later.
Vertical posts are attached to the bottom frame with logs using pins, screws and steel corners protruding from the base
It is possible to build a frame on a brick foundation, when several rows of bricks are first laid out along the perimeter of the foundation, and then wooden racks are mounted on them.
The beams, which will be placed vertically, can be processed on three internal sides with an electric planer, and on the sides looking inside the barn they can be completely chamfered. Only the sides are left untreated, which will subsequently be sheathed with external boards.
Stage #3 – installation of rafters and roof arrangement
The upper part of the frame made of beams with cuts in the middle and both ends is attached to the leveled and fixed vertical posts. All connections are fixed using self-tapping screws and steel angles.
When arranging a pitched roof, it should be ensured in advance that the wooden posts on one side are higher than on the other. Thanks to this placement, rainwater on a slope will not accumulate, but drain.
For roof rafters, you can use 40 mm thick boards. The length of the rafters should be approximately 500 mm longer than the length of the frame
Cuttings are made on the rafters at the points of support on the beams. Then they are laid on the rafter frame and fixed with self-tapping screws. Place the rafters at a distance of about half a meter from each other. To prepared, processed chemical composition the frame can be mounted with lathing.
For cladding the roof and walls of the barn, boards measuring 25x150 mm are suitable. A plank roof requires waterproofing, which can be achieved using roofing felt. If you want to give the roof a more presentable look, it is good to use bitumen shingles, slate or corrugated sheets as the final roofing covering. The boards are placed first on the front part of the structure, and then on the sides and back. Place them close to each other.
Having laid out the walls of the shed with boards, you can process their outer side with an electric planer. This is necessary not so much for the aesthetic appearance, but rather to ensure that rainwater easily rolls down the smooth surface of the boards
Barn strapping - Barn strapping
After demolishing the old barn, leveling the site and installing a columnar foundation made of cinder blocks, it was time to “sculpt” the lower frame of the new barn, which we decided to make with our own hands, without hiring hired labor. Question " how to make a shed frame“was facing us quite acutely, but thanks to the help of the Internet, it was resolved quite easily.
It was decided to make the entire frame, including the lower frame of the barn, from timber 100 x 100 x 4 m and timber 100 x 100 x 6 m, which, given the dimensions of the barn 3 x 4 m, allowed us to avoid unnecessary trimmings.
The drawing gives a general idea of the structure of the lower frame of our new barn.
The ends of the timber are marked using a construction square and cut out either with a hacksaw (long) or with a chainsaw (quickly). After this, the beam of the lower frame is laid on the foundation, fastened with one nail on each side, and the diagonals are measured (this is very important!). When the diagonals are aligned, the bottom trim beam is fastened and finally secured to the foundation with anchor bolts or another method.
When attaching the vertical posts, 150 mm nails were initially used (crosswise) as shown in the figure below, and then angles (50 mm power, but not black, wood screws). You can buy the nails and screws you need at any hardware market or store (and it’s easier at the market, where you will be advised at a fairly high level).
How to hammer a nail?
There are a few simple rules that will allow you to securely connect two wooden parts with nails.
- It does not always make sense to drive a nail exactly at an angle of 90 0. Although this is a generally accepted method, it does not provide a strong grip in all cases.
- Smaller parts are nailed to larger ones.
- When nailed, the parts to be connected must be stationary. If the piece wobbles or moves, the nail will likely become bent.
- Nails can split wood if they are driven into the end of a strip or board. This can be avoided by first recessing the tip of the nail.
- Hitting too hard with a hammer not only drives the nail into the wood, but can cause impact holes to appear on the surface. Therefore, it is better to use a punch at the final stage, with which you can drive the nail to the surface of the wood or slightly recess it.
- A nail driven across the grain holds better than one driven along the grain. However, you can get a strong connection if you drive the nails into the wood at an angle to each other.
- If you need to drive more than one nail into one wood grain, be aware that the wood may crack. Therefore, always place the nails offset from each other.
As a floor joist edged board 50 x 150 x 4 m was used. Taking into account the fact that it was planned to lay a floorboard 25 x 100 x 4 m on the floor, the distance between the logs was chosen to be no more than 1 m (perhaps, according to science, it is somewhat too large, however practice has shown that it is quite sufficient).
Approved on family council The project included in the barn frame, in addition to 4 corner vertical posts, additional intermediate posts to strengthen the top trim, as well as for attaching various shelves in the barn (this is for the future). A general idea of the resulting shed frame is given by the drawing below.
Do-it-yourself lower harness for a saree - IMG 1934
DIY shed frame - DIY shed frame
Top trim device similar to the bottom. The fastening of the vertical posts (on the corners and struts) can be seen from the photographs. The jays were fastened together with an edged board (50 mm) both as a stiffener and for the future as a strength element on which it was planned to hang the shelves.
The construction of the frame from the bottom to the top frame without rushing took about 6 hours (the working day began at 7 am, breaks for lunch and during short rains). On the same day they made rafters for barn roof.
No matter how much space there is in country house, on personal plot You can’t do without such a necessary outbuilding as a barn.
If you don’t yet have experience in self-building, but the owner knows how to use tools, he can easily build a shed at his dacha with his own hands, following the instructions.
If the barn will be located next to the house, and it is important that it looks aesthetically pleasing, it is better to use the same materials from which the house is built. To reduce the cost of construction, you can decorate the barn with siding - it can be different, and imitates any materials - wood, brick, stone of different textures.
How to make a shed quickly and inexpensively
Guided by step by step instructions How to make a barn yourself, you can build it in the shortest possible time, spending very little money.
One of the simplest, fastest and cheapest options is a frame shed. The frame itself can be made of wood or metal, the outside is sheathed with suitable material, a roof is installed - and the comfortable outbuilding is ready for use.
If the barn is made of wood, then the frame can be made of timber. But it is more convenient, reliable and durable to make a frame from profiled pipes with a rectangular or square cross-section - a profile with a round cross-section is more difficult to join and weld.
There are also ready-made metal frames on sale, which are assembled using self-tapping screws, and at the factory you can order a structure according to your own drawing.
As practice shows, assembly of both metal and wooden sheds usually takes only a few days. The photo shows sheds on frames - what they are like, and how beautifully they can be finished.
What should the foundation be like?
Sheds on frames are lightweight buildings, so the foundation for them is made lightweight. Most often, a few columns are enough, screw piles or a concrete block - one or several depending on the area of the barn.
If the soil on the land plot is complex, the foundation can be a shallow strip foundation made of special monolithic blocks.
Reinforced strip foundation will even withstand bricks and building blocks as walls - the building will be reliable and will not crack on soil that is prone to swelling, since the movement of the structure will occur along with the foundation.
The choice of foundation type depends on the soil on the site, the area of the barn, the material from which it is built, as well as the financial capabilities of the owners of the site. But it’s easier, faster and cheaper to build a shed on a frame without a foundation.
Frame lean-to shed without foundation
Frame sheds can be built without a foundation at all. There are two options. In one case, the racks treated against rotting are buried 60-80 cm, concreted, and then the lower frame is attached to them, on which the floor is laid on the joists. It is worth noting that this method is only suitable for building a small area.
On soils that absorb and drain water well, you can also build a shed without a foundation this way: the area for construction is marked out in such a way that the area on which the shed will stand is 0.5 m wider on each side than the area of the building itself .
The turf is removed from the soil and a sand and gravel backfill is made, which must be thoroughly compacted. A strapping beam is laid on the prepared site, and floor joists treated with an antiseptic are attached to it - the joists will be in direct contact with the ground, so treatment with an antiseptic is required.
As soon as the logs for the future floor are laid on the site, the floor itself is made. It can be made of planks, from sheets of moisture-resistant plywood or from oriented strand board (OSB). In this case, the recommended thickness of materials:
- for boards – 20 mm;
- for plywood and OSB – 13-15 mm.
When the site for the building is ready, you can begin building the shed.
Note!
When building a frame barn with a pitched roof, the roof should be installed correctly - its angle should be such that snow easily rolls off it.
Practice shows that the optimal angle of inclination is achieved when the height of one wall is 3 m, and the opposite one is 2.4 m. It is a good idea to cover the roof with ondulin - this roofing material is also called Euro slate.
Ondulin is much more attractive in appearance than slate, it has a wave-like shape, and its color can be different, this allows you to make the roof of the barn beautiful, cheerful, truly country-like.
Having started assembling the frame, first the racks of each wall are mounted into the floor one by one. If not boards are chosen for cladding, but ready-made slabs - made of wood, metal or other material, the cladding can be installed on the frame of each wall in advance, on the ground, and the wall can be fixed to the floor in finished form. As an option, the walls can be sheathed with OSB 9.5 mm thick.
There is an alternative technology - Balloon. With this method, installation is carried out gradually - corner frame racks are immediately attached to the frame or the blocks themselves as the racks are installed in height. A rope is stretched between them at each new height level, along which the next racks are then placed.
Note!
When constructing window and door openings, it should be taken into account that the load on the frame is greater here, so it is necessary to strengthen the frame in those places where the window and door sashes will be attached. For this purpose, the openings are equipped not only with corner posts, but also with reinforced posts.
Erection of the roof
Since the roof of the barn will be pitched, rafter system is simple: rafter boards, the length of which to provide an overhang (as a rule, it is 30-50 cm) must be greater than the length of the side of the area intended for the roof, are laid on the edge. For example, if the planned area of the shed is 3 m by 3 m, then the length of the rafter board should be 3.840 m.
The boards are nailed diagonally - two nails on both sides, so that the roof can more reliably withstand loads under snow pressure and strong winds; it can be reinforced with metal corners.
It is necessary to install a sheathing on the roof (100*25 mm is suitable). If the roof is planned to be covered with ondulin, then the optimal lathing pitch recommended by the manufacturer of this roofing material should be 40 cm.
The final step is to cover the roof with the selected material - ondulin, slate or others.
Note!
Completing the construction of the barn
After the walls and roof are erected, windows and doors are installed in the prepared openings.
You can make a small porch at the door or just one or several small steps - depending on the height of the threshold of the barn.
The lining of the shed can be painted to match the roof, or, if it is wooden, leave it a natural color, which will look organic in the dacha by oiling it.
And to make the building look aesthetically pleasing and neat, the foundation should be covered with an asbestos sheet.
Such a barn, if the site on which it is being built has already been prepared, can be erected in just a couple of days. Built with your own hands and taking into account individual needs, it will turn out to be very comfortable and beautiful.
Photo of a do-it-yourself shed
