The main tool for defeating the enemy in street combat is striking. The reason for this is simple: a strike is the least energy-consuming technical element that brings maximum results with the proper level of execution. Therefore, in this article I would like to talk about striking equipment in street fighting and the requirements for it.

Let's start with the fact that the main parameter that determines the training system and technical arsenal of any martial art- these are the conditions for the battle and the tasks that need to be solved. In the case of applied hand-to-hand combat, the object of study is a street duel or military clash, the task of which is to neutralize one or a group of attackers in the shortest possible time. There are no specific restrictions on technical actions, so any solution to the problem will be satisfactory. At the same time, it is necessary to understand that most often the battle takes place at close range, in conditions that are far from ideal, therefore, strike solutions for such a collision must be of minimal amplitude and have high implementation efficiency. In other words, we need the most simple and reliable actions that allow us to disable the enemy at a short distance with a minimum amount of movement.

The reliability of the action performed, in this case, is determined by the post-impact stability of the attacker. In other words, what is important is how much the fighter who executed the blow can maintain a stable position of his biomechanical system to further continue the attack. Applying this selection criterion to a variety of striking solutions, it would be logical to give preference to elements whose execution technique is associated with a minimal increase in the moments of inertia of the attacker’s system. That is, the most reliable strikes from the point of view of stability are performed along straight trajectories. The most common in street fight attacks are direct and side strikes, with side strikes accounting for about 70-80% of the total volume of striking actions. Therefore, the problem can be formulated as follows: how can these data be compared and the theory and practice of hand-to-hand combat be brought into line?

I would like to start answering this question by explaining the application technique. direct blow.

In the form of hand-to-hand combat we practice, all striking actions are applied from the center of mass, and energy generation occurs due to the reactive forces of the attacker’s legs. That is, by accelerating our center of mass due to re-coordination of the supporting limbs, we obtain some impulse movement, similar to a wave and transmitted along all links of the biokinematic chain. After the impulse has traveled from the fingertips to the striker’s pelvis, the speed of the rotational movement of his system increases significantly due to a decrease in the radius of rotation and continues to increase as it approaches the striking part of the hand. Thus, the impulse transmitted from the legs to the striking hand causes the striking part not only to move forward, but also to rotate, which significantly increases the force of the blow.

The rotation transmitted to the striking hand from the pelvis travels along the striking chain according to the principle of a cardan shaft, eliminating misalignment between its links, and closes the biokinematic chain during contact of the striking part of the hand with the striking surface by reaching the limit of mobility of each specific link.

Thus, we can say that we do not strike with our hand, but strike with our whole body, wave-like including in the strike all the links of the chain involved in the process. If a blow is applied with the whole body, then the damaging effect is much greater than that of one applied only with the hand. You can feel the natural sequential connection of the links of your body with a simple everyday movement: lean on a wall or window sill. At the same time, your body will automatically select the angle of rotation of the entire system, minimizing muscle tension and compensating for it by blocking the degrees of freedom.

Next, I would like to talk about the structure of the impact action: the transmission of an impulse along the chain must be carried out under the conditions of a sequential arrangement of its links, that is, upon impact, the impulse must be transmitted directly from the previous link to the next. This means that the location of the elbow joint when preparing to strike should not be at the level of or behind the pelvis of the striker. In other words, we often see when the pelvis moves forward, and then, due to the tension of the muscles and tendons, the entire striking part flies, shooting like a bow. This method of delivering a direct blow seems unreasonable to us, since the overload of the shoulder muscles is so great that with a sudden movement and an unheated body, it can lead to serious injury to the ligaments of the shoulder girdle. In addition, such a blow is not distinguished by absolutely any strength indicators.

Another case is when a person swings to strike. When swinging, it moves the next link in the transmission chain far beyond the previous one, therefore the only way, with which a blow can be delivered, is waving the hand like a shaft, which does not add either force or speed to the blow, while stretching it across time and space. This is most often done by people who have never practiced martial arts and have no idea how to fight.

With the correct arrangement of the links of the impact chain, the structure of the impact action will not be disrupted, ensuring the inclusion of maximum mass and generating maximum force and power of the impact, critically increasing the damaging effect and reducing the amount of movement required to apply it. That is, striking begins from the correct position. Finally, I would like to talk about the impact trajectory. When delivering a striking action (in our case, this is a direct blow), it must be remembered that the transmission of the shock impulse is carried out due to the spiral-shaped upward circular movement of the body, which, upon reaching the final stage of contact with the surface of the lesion, is joined by the downward movement of the entire body in crouching, adding to the force and speed of the impact the acceleration of free fall and a certain angle that compensates for the heterogeneity of the target object and ensures interaction with the target along the normal (at an angle of 90 degrees).

Moreover, when the body is involved in a rotational movement, the linear speed of a point moving in a circle described by the shoulders of the striker will have a different direction. The transfer of further impulse to the striking hand makes sense in the case when the linear speed of the shoulder of the striking hand coincides in direction with the vector of the strike being performed.

It is critical not to strain or concentrate your throwing arm until it hits the surface. This effect usually occurs during psychological overexcitation and when the level of combat rage is off the charts. In this case, a person becomes psychologically attached to the point of impact and desires to cause damage to his opponent. To paraphrase, we can say this: when you really want to hit, the result is a weak blow, but when it’s light, as if playfully, the effect is unexpectedly great. The reason for this confusion is that a person transfers such an important function as quickly assessing the distance between him and the enemy to a conscious level at which it is impossible to accurately assess this parameter. Consequently, by trying too hard, he deprives his attack of the generated shock impulse due to premature tension in the links of the biokinematic chain.

A logical conclusion follows from this: when practicing striking techniques and when delivering strikes in a combat situation, a person must be focused, as collected as possible, but, at the same time, light and mobile. Many people use the word "relaxation" for this state, which, in my opinion, is not appropriate. I would call this feeling lightness and freedom in movement, and instead of aggression I would suggest generating composure and alertness, charged for action.

If a person is constrained by tension, the shock impulse will be extinguished in the clamped muscles, dissipating to overcome muscle resistance, as a result, significantly reducing the effectiveness of the attack.

If all of the above conditions are met, a direct strike will be performed as efficiently as possible and optimally in terms of time and amount of movement in accordance with the tasks of applied hand-to-hand combat.

The jab is applied in much the same way. A jab is a type of direct blow with the hand, performed, most often, for reconnaissance or preparation of an accentuated attack aimed at guaranteed defeat of the enemy. By itself, the jab is a fairly powerful and discouraging tool for fighting. When studying the strike in laboratory conditions, we found out that it is 25% weaker than a direct strike launched from the far supporting leg, which does not prevent it from remaining a fairly reliable means of hitting the enemy when reducing the distance and delivering an attack at any level.

An uppercut is a blow delivered along an internal trajectory, aimed at suddenly defeating an opponent in close combat. Like other types of strikes, it has many interpretations and uses. We prefer to deliver this blow in a straight trajectory from the bottom up, to the body or head of the enemy. The technique of applying it is similar to the technique of a direct blow with a fist, except for the moment that the rotational movement in the hand goes in the opposite direction. It can be launched from either the near or far foot in relation to the opponent. It must be remembered that, to the greatest extent, the uppercut is a melee strike and loses its exceptional power characteristics as the distance between opponents increases.

Having measured this blow in the sports laboratory of the Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports, Youth and Tourism, we found that in terms of strength and penetrating ability it is not inferior to and even exceeds a direct blow, and in terms of peak speed and amplitude of application it is approximately on the same level as a side blow. blow. Based on the obtained quantitative indicators and analysis of the optimal execution technique, we can conclude that this is one of the most effective tools for close combat, allowing one to inflict serious damage on the enemy with relatively low energy consumption.

Shifting the conversation to the plane of side blows, I would like to roughly divide them into 5 types: swing, hook, side blow to the inside, side blow to the outside and chopping blow from above. As far as we remember, when delivering strikes we try to maintain the linear trajectory of movement as reliably as possible, since it is optimal from the point of view of post-impact stability.

When performing a swing, we reduce the moment of inertia by generating a shock impulse by re-coordinating the supporting limbs, rather than loading the pushing leg. When performing, we partially repeat the technique and trajectory of a direct strike, but change the angle of application due to an additional rotation in the elbow joint of the striking hand, which will entail a general change in the trajectory of the striking action.

A blow performed in this way allows you to inflict significant damage, while significantly saving energy costs, time and the amount of movement for its application. Performed mainly at medium distance.

The technique of performing a hook is similar to a swing. These two strikes are complementary and often go together in attacking combinations.

You can learn more about practicing basic punches and kicks from this video:

The outward side kick is characterized by a whipping wave motion launched from the pelvis. A very important aspect when performing this technical action is the work of the elbow. The elbow joint, in this case, is an additional accelerating link, adding acceleration and force to the impact action. When practicing such a movement, it is important to reverse the striking part after concentration in order to maintain maximum stability and momentum for the subsequent movement.

A side blow to the inside is one of the most pronounced applied blows, characterized by a very high penetration ability and speed of application. The technique of delivering such a blow is very similar to hitting with a hammer or club. By involving its structure in a rotational movement, the impulse of almost the entire body turns into a shock action. Due to the tension of the tendons and the energy of elastic deformation, the hand accelerates to a peak speed of 13.5 m/s, delivering a crushing attack on the enemy. We often see the use of this blow in mixed martial arts when finishing off an opponent on the ground.

An overhead slash is one of the most dangerous and unexpected strikes in close combat. When used correctly, it is very difficult to predict and, even more so, to reflect. At the same time, it is applied to vital areas and points of the human body, demotivating the enemy and forcing him to stop aggression. It is worth noting that this strike is situational and is not as widely applicable as direct and side strikes. However, when applied correctly, it gives a very serious result and stuns the enemy. It is usually applied to the area of ​​the throat, back of the head, solar plexus, kidneys, liver and groin. Sometimes it is applied as a countermovement to injure the opponent’s striking hand and seize the initiative in battle.

You can learn more about applying applied strikes in hand-to-hand combat from this video report:

Elbow strikes are a kind of continuation of direct and side strikes. When executed, the pulse wave is generated in a manner similar to other blows, but a characteristic feature of the technique of their application is a longer phase of rotational movement, which allows, with proper grouping of the chain links, to obtain a fairly heavy and effective blow, comparable in strength to straight and lateral ones, and sometimes surpassing them, with a smaller impact trajectory. More details in the video article:

In this case, there are no miracles or deceptions of the laws of mechanics, it’s just that the force that was generated primarily due to the transfer of impulse in direct and lateral striking actions, in the case of elbow strikes, is multiplied due to a longer phase of rotational movement. Punches in applied hand-to-hand combat should be as spontaneous and low-amplitude as possible, while being accurate and strong.

The main technical discovery of each individual hand-to-hand fighter should be the maximum variability of striking techniques and the optimization of combat algorithms and attack trajectories, thus, defeating the enemy requires several times less strength and movement than in a purely forceful confrontation.

The striking technique of the legs in applied combat has a number of its own characteristics. Our consolidated experience shows that 75-80% of effective actions in a street fight come from hands. The role of the legs, however, is difficult to overestimate, since they perform the function of movement and generate a shock impulse for the technical actions of the arms and the whole body.

However, this does not mean that the striking technique of the legs can be neglected. Technical actions performed with the legs must be as fast, reliable and simple as possible, since any separation of the legs from the supporting surface means a decrease in stability and the risk of loss of balance. I would like to talk in more detail about the most common sports kick: the low kick. You can learn about the technique of applying it, practicing and using this strike in practice from the video:

In practice, most often, the simplest kicks are used, which in terms of the level of application do not go above the waist. These are mainly direct and trampling blows to the leg joints, knee blows and, extremely rarely, blows in a circular trajectory. However, the arsenal of kicking techniques we practice is quite wide. This is necessary in order to develop flexibility and coordination qualities of a fighter, as well as to gain freedom in using any striking action that is relevant at the time, most suitable based on the current situation in hand-to-hand combat. You can learn more from this video:

The striking technique, in addition to defeating the enemy, is also a control element that allows you to fight consciously and more accurately. There is a whole layer of strikes in hand-to-hand combat, the main function of which is to prepare an attack. They do not have any special damaging effect; rather, they serve to reveal and control the opponent’s attention.

Controlling the distribution of an opponent's attention between his degrees of freedom is a great skill that allows you to defeat him due to a technical advantage, even if he is significantly superior to you according to anthropological data.

When seizing the initiative and delivering multi-level strikes, you do not allow the person to focus on either defense or attack, but direct his attention solely to managing his stability, providing you with rigid supports for delivering the next attack. With such tactics of conducting a duel, the enemy loses the chance of any confrontation and the opportunity to win back your technical actions.

The basic elements of hand-to-hand combat are fulcrum, shoulder, and power. But these elements are manifested through the construction of forces involved in contact and in specific situations.

Mastering and understanding the basic elements of hand-to-hand combat is an absolutely mandatory condition for successful combat training. It is impossible to build a house on sand, it is impossible to build training in hand-to-hand combat without understanding and absolute mastery of basic movements and concepts.

A deep understanding and impeccable mastery of these elements is the only opportunity to understand and master the system of constructing movements in the shortest possible time. Naturally, this also implies strict and consistent adherence to the teaching methodology.

The basic elements of hand-to-hand combat include the concept of a stance and its various types, methods of moving in a stance, a section of acrobatics that requires practicing the skills of falls, rolls, somersaults, slides and escapes, and many other elements. In addition to the basic elements themselves, there are a significant number of preparatory and “leading” exercises that facilitate the understanding of movement and the gradual formation of correct motor skills. And if the number of basic elements is finite, then additional exercises are very variable and varied, since their main task is to facilitate preparation or correct irrational or incorrect motor skills that appear in this process.

When describing the basic elements, some of these exercises are given, but practitioners often come up with their own, individual options, looking for the most rational ways for their own physique to develop the right skills.

10.1. Basic stand

The basic stance is the optimally comfortable body position from the point of view of ergonomics and biomechanics, allowing you to perform the necessary actions in hand-to-hand combat. This stance is the main (training) one (Fig. 9a, b), and preparations for combat with or without weapons are derived from the basic stance (Fig. 9c).

When taking a basic stance, the feet are placed shoulder-width apart, which ensures the optimal size of the supporting platform, while the feet are parallel. The position of a light squat (legs slightly bent at the knees) ensures, thanks to the accumulation of elastic deformation energy in the ligaments and muscles, readiness for movement in any direction, including impact actions with optimal energy consumption. A straight back and pelvic tilt angle (40-45°) contribute to the uniform distribution of gravity, as well as the placement of the line of gravity in the center of the support platform (see Chapter I).

The shoulders are freely lowered, the head is slightly tilted. At the same time, the chin covers the throat (Adam's apple), and an optimal viewing angle is provided for the eyes (see Chapter I).

The arms at the top frame (Fig. 9a) are bent at the elbow joints. The elbows are slightly adjacent to the body, protecting the liver and spleen, and the fingers, being a continuation of the hands and forearms, are located at eye level. With the lower frame (Fig. 96), the hands are freely located along the inner or outer surface of the thighs. This arrangement of the hands ensures their greatest speed and accuracy of movements in the optimal working space with optimal efforts when meeting the enemy’s attacks or delivering various blows to him.

Due to the fact that each person has his own, individual anthropological data, we do not require strict imitation when performing this or that action, therefore, when practicing various exercises, including the stance, each student will have its own, special external form. It is on the basis of this condition that everyone undergoing training is required to have a clear understanding of the moments that determine the stance: the area of ​​the support platform, the location of the center of gravity, the position of the body (back), the position of the head (chin and eyes).

10.2. Movements in the rack

Movements in a standing position are the absolute foundation of actions in hand-to-hand combat, the nature of the movements determines the “pattern” of the fight, and the level of proficiency in these skills (accuracy, speed, stability) largely determines the success of other, attacking and defensive actions.

Movements in hand-to-hand combat are determined by the situation and can be quite different. The main ones are turns (turning towards an enemy who is behind or to the side, taking a body position at an angle to the enemy’s attack) and steps. Steps, in turn, can be performed in various ways: step, substep, step away, step with substep, jump, bounce, jump and others.

No explanation is required for the step technique - this is a normal variable step, similar to the one we use to move outside combat conditions. Exactly the same simple actions are the sub-step and the step-back, with which we either move closer or move away from the selected target, without changing the position of the legs relative to each other and slightly stretching or reducing the width of the stance.

One of the main ways of moving is a step with a substep. At first glance, this element seems very difficult and needs to be given close attention, since, firstly, it is really quite complex, and secondly, it is one of the “keys” in mastering the system of constructing movements. With the right methodological approach, this element is absorbed in the shortest possible time.

This element is executed as follows:

– from the basic stance or ready to fight (Fig. 10a), place one of the legs with the heel to the heel of the other leg, in this case, right to left, and turn your hips in the direction of the chosen movement (Fig. 10 b). In this way, we position ourselves at an angle to the enemy’s attack, which, even if a blow is missed, ensures the rebound of its striking parts and the dissipation of the kinetic energy of the blow tangentially;

– take a step with the front foot, in this case the left one (Fig. 10c). With this movement we reduce the distance with the enemy, ensuring the addition of the velocities of the two bodies in the event of striking a “failed” enemy.

It should be noted that, depending on the situation, this step may not be taken (there is no need or you simply did not have time);

– step up (restore the supporting platform) or step back in the cases described above.

Performing a “step with a substep” allows you to stand at an angle to the direction of the enemy’s attack and at the same time reduce the distance with him, i.e. make contact.

It is important to note that when acquiring a certain skill in maintaining one’s stable position, restoring balance, as well as controlling the movement of the enemy, one can abandon many unnecessary movements and use only turning the body, twisting the hips with or without a slight squat, moving only the arms or legs, etc.

It is necessary to once again pay attention to the fact that all the exercises and technical actions described in this section are basic elements, which means that the level of their assimilation must be unconditional and thorough. Otherwise, it is impossible to build a stable system of motor skills.

10.3. Lower acrobatics

Lower acrobatics in hand-to-hand combat is a section that includes the technique of safe falls, rolls, somersaults, crawling, sliding and much more.

If we consider it from the point of view of its functional purpose, then this is a set of actions used to leave the enemy’s attack line, reduce the distance with him, perform a maneuver, deceive, covertly approach the enemy, strike, select weapons and improvised means and throw them, as well as the goal is to protect yourself from possible injuries from various falls.

10.3.1. Falls

Falls can be performed on the chest, on the back, on the side (left, right), on the back with a turn. At the initial stage of training, these elements should be practiced first from the basic stance, and then from

any position, so as not to form a persistent habit of being “tied” to a single starting position. Those who have experience in sports self-insurance must be trained to work even more thoroughly than others. This is due to the fact that these falls are used in conditions far from those of a sports hall and “appealing” to the fixed technique of sports self-belays can seriously fail in a combat situation.

If you fall on your chest (Fig. 11), you must:

from the basic stance (Fig. Pa), lowering the pelvis down (Fig. 116), throw your legs back and to the sides and land on your arms bent at the elbow joints and extended in front of your chest. The elbows should be spread to the sides (Fig. Iv). Hand contact with the surface begins in the following sequence: fingertips - fingers - palms - inner surfaces of the forearms. Due to this, the energy of the fall is effectively absorbed and smooth and silent shock absorption is achieved.

When falling to the side (left, right), you need to twist from the basic stance (Fig. 12a) at the hips (Fig. 12b) and, throwing your legs bent at the knees to the side (left or right) (Fig. 12c), land on your hands, like when falling on your chest. Often, at the initial stage of training, there is a tendency for students to hyperextend and stiffen the elbow joint, especially the arm on the side of the fall. This can cause injury because the shock absorbing capacity of the arm's lever system is disabled. You need to pay attention to this. In this case, the legs bent at the knees should make an angle of = 90° with each other, the angle between the thigh of the bent leg and its shin should also be = 90°, which is necessary to prevent damage to the knee joints. The head should be raised (Fig. 12d).

When falling on your back from a basic stance (Fig. 13a), squat down, extend either leg forward (depending on which direction the fall occurs) and “sit” on the heel of the supporting leg with the thigh opposite to this leg (Fig. 13b, 13c). In this case, the right thigh onto the left heel. The right hand reaches behind the heel of the right foot, helping to round the back (Fig. 13d). After this, roll over the unilateral latissimus muscle (Fig. 13e) and roll over onto your entire back (Fig. 13e), tucking your feet under you. This pressing extinguishes the energy that throws the legs up. The chin must be pressed to the chest. Do not rest your hands on the surface at the moment of contact.

10.3.2. Rifles

Rolls at the initial stage of training are both preparatory exercises for actions with weapons and warm-up exercises. In addition, they develop in students such a quality as dexterity.

Rolling on your knees is carried out from the starting position “sitting on your knees” (Fig. 14a). To make a movement, for example, to the left, you need to straighten left leg and lower onto the right thigh (Fig. 14b). After this, turn around on your left hip, bending your left leg at the knee and straightening your right leg (Fig. 14c). Next, stretch behind the straightened right leg and sit on your knees (Fig. 14d). During movement, the hands are constantly on the knees, and the eyes look at the surrounding environment. The exercise ends in a position where the student is turned by force relative to the original direction.

The prone roll can be performed either from a sitting position on your knees or from a basic stance.

From a sitting position on your knees (Fig. 15a), you need to lower yourself (while moving to the left) onto your right side following the straightened left leg (Fig. 15b). After this, roll over onto your entire back, leaving your legs bent at the knees (Fig. 15c). To continue the movement, it is necessary, turning on the left side, to pull the left leg bent at the knee to the chest, and with the right hand to reach for the straightened right leg (Fig. 15d). After this, sit on both knees (Fig. 15d).

It must be remembered that during rolls the elbows should not come into contact with the surface, much less hit it. To do this, they must be tucked into the fold between the thigh and the body.

Roll in the other direction in the same way.

Performing a roll from a basic stance differs only in the presence of a squat phase.

10.3.3. Somersaults

Somersaults (forward, backward) are performed from the main (basic) stance or from the knee (Fig. 16a). When performing a forward somersault with arms extended in different directions, a step is taken forward with either leg bent at the knee. The arms are spread forward and in different directions, and the second leg pushes (Fig. 16b).

The head is tilted under the shoulder opposite to the one through which the somersault is carried out. Contact with the surface begins with the fingers (hands) and continues through the forearms and shoulder (Fig. 16c). The head should under no circumstances be in contact with the surface, and the described bending under the shoulder takes it away from the trajectory of movement.

The arms rotate in the direction of movement at the shoulder joints, and the main contact of the body with the surface falls on the back of the deltoid muscle (Fig. 16d). Due to twisting of the hips, contact with the surface continues along the line “supporting shoulder (deltoid muscle) - opposite thigh,” i.e. goes diagonally across the back.

The pushing leg at the last stage is a swing leg (Fig. 16d). Due to the swing, one exits the somersault into a stance with a turn along the direction of rotation on the left (in this case) foot (Fig. 16f) or performs another action (some kind of fall, transition to another somersault, etc.).

When performing a forward somersault with arms extended to one side from the base stance (Fig. 17a), a step is taken forward, and the arms are extended to the left with rotation at the shoulder joints at the moment of contact with the surface, the head is deflected in the same direction (Fig. 17b, c) .

The main contact with the surface (at the moment of “landing”) begins in the same way as in the previous somersault, from the back of the deltoid muscle and continues diagonally to the opposite thigh (Fig. 17d, e).

Exiting a somersault is performed in the same way as in the previous case: with a turn in the direction of rotation on the left (in this case) foot (Fig. 17e).

When performing a back somersault from the basic stance (Fig. 18a), perform a deep squat and twist your hips in the direction chosen for the somersault (Fig. 18b). After this, fall onto your back, rolling along it diagonally “the thigh that came into contact with the surface is the opposite shoulder” (Fig. 18c). At the same time, the arms are scattered in different directions at an angle of 90° to the body and rotated at the moment of the coup over the supporting shoulder. When performing a swing, the legs are thrown behind the head (Fig. 18d). At the same time, the head deviates in the direction opposite to this shoulder (Fig. 18e).

Exit from a somersault is carried out into a basic stance or into a derivative to perform some action (Fig. 18e).

10.3.4. Movements at the lower level

There are various movements at the lower level. You need to know them in order to quickly get up after a fall, move to a more comfortable position or behind cover, defend yourself or strike an enemy, throw a knife or any other weapon at him. improvised means, fire in different directions, etc. Let's look at some of them.

Preparatory exercise for the star movement

The starting position is lying face down (Fig. 19a). Starting the exercise, you need to move your right leg (in this case), bending at the knee joint, under your left leg (Fig. 19b). Leaning on your right hand and throwing your left, turn your whole body over your left shoulder and take the position of resting on the surface with your hands and feet, and your back down (Fig. 19c).

After this, continuing the movement, bring the bent left leg under the right (Fig. 19d), turn to face the surface and take the starting position (Fig. 19d). The exercise must be performed confidently in both directions.

Star movement

From the starting position “lying on your back” (Fig. 20a), when moving to the right, you need to twist in the pelvis and bring your left leg bent at the knee under your right leg, while simultaneously turning on your left side (Fig. 20b). Continuing the movement, take the “lying on your stomach” position (Fig. 20c). After this, continuing to rotate in the chosen direction, turn on your right side, stretching your right leg under the knee bend of your left (Fig. 20d). This is the next intermediate position. The final phase is a turn onto your back (Fig. 20d).

It is necessary to achieve this exercise in a smooth, continuous and unified movement, without pauses, jerks or freezing. The intermediate positions indicated in the illustrations are not at all moments of stopping, and each subsequent movement should flow smoothly from the previous one.

An important requirement is the correct organization of the field of view during movement. The student’s eyes should survey the entire space around him, and the weapon in his hands should preferably be directed in the direction of his gaze.

In general, it would be appropriate to note here that it is necessary to get students to complete all exercises without fixing their gaze on an arm or leg performing any important movement. All exercises should be brought to such a stage of mastery that their most difficult moments do not require visual control over the actions of the body. In combat, shifting your attention from your surroundings to your own body can be fatal.

Exercise "falling by sliding"

From the “standing” position (Fig. 21a), squat down, twist at the hips in the chosen direction and, depending on this, extend your right or left leg (in this case the left) at a sharp angle towards the surface on which you fall (Fig. 21b ).

After this, while continuing to squat, it is advisable to begin the contact of the leg with the surface by lifting the foot, and arms - as if falling to the side. The leg rotates and contacts in the following sequence: “the instep of the foot - the outer side of the lower leg - the front side of the thigh” (Fig. 21c).

At the moment of contact of the hip with the surface, a rollover occurs on the stomach and chest, and the arms, preventing a hard impact on the surface, continue to move the body by repulsion in the direction of the accumulated inertia (Fig. 21d). The final phase of this fall allows the student, after completing the slide, to perform various flips and other movements and actions in the direction chosen according to the situation.

The given exercises are trained without weapons and with weapons, with open and blindfolded eyes, both on a smooth surface and with overcoming obstacles, for example, on a regular combined arms obstacle course.

10.4. Methodological techniques for better understanding of the topic

Training mastery of the topic begins with practicing the basic stance and its derivatives. The teacher explains and demonstrates the correct positioning of a basic stance with an upper and lower frame, as well as how to control this stance. Students are offered the main control of the correctness of the stance - an exercise against the wall.

Standing close to the wall with his face, the student should touch it with the following points:

– toes;

– knees;

– chest, with the lower frame;

– forearms, with the upper frame;

- forehead. After learning the correct stance, students are encouraged to remember the “body feel” that accompanies the correct stance and learn to quickly and naturally transition from a relaxed body position to an upper and lower frame stance.

After practicing the acceptance of the stance, the issues of movements in the stance begin to be worked out: step, step, turn, step with a substep, jump, lunge, etc.

When practicing movements in the basic stance, the teacher must concentrate the students’ attention on maintaining a rational, from an ergonomic point of view, arrangement of body parts. The arms and legs should be placed in a position that allows for the fastest and most precise movements with optimal energy expenditure. The position of the head and eyes should provide an optimal viewing angle, and the position of easy “sucking up” should accumulate the energy of elastic deformation in the muscles and ligaments to maintain mobility and efficiency in movement (see Part I).

After practicing falls, rolls and somersaults are studied. These are more complex exercises and should be learned from preparatory exercises. For example, a lying roll begins to be studied with a sitting roll, and somersaults from a standing position with somersaults from the knee or special preparatory exercises while lying down. Next, various combinations are made from the basic elements (preferably by the students themselves - for a more individual study of “weak” moments). For example, from a stance, fall onto your chest, roll over onto your back, somersault back over one shoulder, then over the other, fall onto your side, etc. The main requirement when performing such combinations: each subsequent movement must be smooth and logical, without disturbing the general mechanics of successive transitions, stem from the final phase of the previous one. This develops the ability to control your body, feel your rhythm, and also develops the vestibular apparatus and spatial perception.

After a stable skill in performing these elements has been formed, they can be transferred from the main part of the training to the section of warm-up-night exercises, for which they will serve a dual role - both to warm up the muscles at the beginning of the training and to maintain the skill at the required level.

At the final stage of studying this topic, it is necessary to train students in the use of lower acrobatics when selecting weapons, improvised means and when overcoming obstacles. Obstacles can be made up of various sports equipment (horse, goat, benches, parallel bars, mats, etc.) if classes are held in a gym, or use a standard obstacle course.

11. Captures and releases from them

11.1. General provisions

Grabs are an integral part of hand-to-hand combat and are used to limit the enemy’s mobility, control his body, as the initial phase of throws, knocking over, disarming, tying, etc. Therefore, the ability to free oneself from the enemy’s grips is an equally integral condition for successful hand-to-hand combat.

In this case, it is necessary to consider at least two aspects of the approach to combating seizures: in the first case, this is the desire to free oneself from the seizure (to free a captured limb or part of the body), in the second, the use of the emerging biomechanical system of two bodies for one’s own purposes.

As for the actions against the grip itself, it makes sense to consider “local” actions, for example, when grabbing the wrists. The fundamental thing is to decompose the holding force into its components. As a result of this decomposition, two conditions that really matter come to the fore - these are the directions of action and the magnitude of the holding force. Further movement will depend on the orientation of the hands in space and is aimed at limiting the mobility of the opponent’s elbow and shoulder joints. In this regard, working against wrist locks is a very clear illustration.

In addition, an important point is to create a “fulcrum” in the place where the opponent’s hand actually makes the grab. To do this, it is necessary to “load” the opponent’s hands, lean on them due to the pushing force. In this case, this push should be performed with the legs (!), coming from the feet firmly resting on the ground.

From the point of view of the mechanics of the human body, the grip is an external connection that limits the number of degrees of freedom of the body. As noted in Part I, human body is a complex biomechanical structure with 244 degrees of freedom. However, when performing a capture, the enemy also limits his degrees of freedom. As a result of capture, a biomechanical system of two bodies is formed, each of which, within the resulting system, solves opposing problems. Through it, the person performing the grab seeks to limit the opponent’s mobility, unbalance his structure, disrupt stability and ultimately lead him to a helpless state.

The captured, through the received connection, using the efforts exerted by the enemy, also seeks to unbalance his system, disrupt stability, open the capture and inflict defeat. Obviously, the winner is the one who, under the influence of the enemy, while at the same time acting on him, will be able to maintain his own stability, either by preventing its violation, or by restoring it through the use of the enemy’s influencing structure.

It should be noted such a property of meshed mechanisms as engagement rigidity. This property assumes that any movement of an element of the first of the meshed mechanisms will necessarily be transferred in one form or another to the elements of the other mechanism. Therefore, when releasing grips, the main focus is on working with your own body, rather than directly influencing the opponent’s body.

There are a huge number of possible grips and options for using them or breaking them. Therefore, it would be more appropriate to consider the basic principles of liberation from seizures (i.e., working against the seizure itself or using it for one’s own purposes) and some options for subsequent actions. The options listed below should not be considered rigid “techniques”, but should be considered precisely as possible options for solving the situation.

11.2. Releasing a two-handed wrist grip

Example 1 (Fig. 22)

Situation (Fig. 22a): the opponent makes a two-handed grab on both wrists in a frontal position.

Solution (Fig. 226 - 22c): when releasing, you need to turn your body back and to the right while simultaneously lowering the center of gravity (squatting), applying force with your hands according to the “pair of forces” principle (with your right hand, pulling the opponent in the direction of movement of your right leg down, and with your left leg - away from you in a circle upward) (Fig. 226). The liberator works with the body and the weight of his body, and not with the strength of his arms. The hands only rotate at the points of contact with the opponent’s hands, trying to cover the opponent’s forearm (right) and prevent him from breaking the grip until the situation is finally resolved, or raise his hand (left) and also switch to his own grip with the freed hand. Continuing to squat and turn the core

Pus and arms, released, throws the enemy off balance, twisting him in the spine (Fig. 22c). The enemy loses stability and falls (for more details, see pp. 93-97, Fig. 4a - 4g).

Final (Fig. 22d): a striking blow is dealt to the fallen enemy.

Let's consider the work of the hands separately.

In this situation (Fig. 23a), at the moment of squatting, the forearms remain at the original level. The elbows dropped and allowed the hands and forearms to work more freely. The right hand or fist is pulled towards itself (Fig. 23b) and rotates inward against the thumb of the opponent’s holding hand, and the left hand is rotated in the opposite direction for possible grabbing of the opponent’s hand (Fig. 23c).

All these manual actions are performed against the backdrop of stepping back and turning the body back and to the right. Thus, the enemy is “stretched” and “loaded” in the chosen direction. The clamping is carried out as shown in Fig. 23

Example 2 (Fig. 24)

Situation: the opponent makes a two-handed grip on both wrists in a frontal position.

Solution: when a situation arises, the person being released, turning back and to the left, crouches down and brings his hands together, turning them inward towards himself (Fig. 24 a) and grabs the wrist of the opponent’s right hand with his right hand. Thus, he “turns off” as many degrees of freedom as possible in the opponent’s right hand and begins to unbalance him. The enemy's resistance causes sharp pain in the shoulder joint.

In order to prevent the opponent from stepping up (and this may allow him to “counter” the painful impact) or from bending the attacked arm at the elbow joint (which will weaken the painful impact), it is necessary to continue to turn the body along with the arms in the direction set by the left leg, while simultaneously lowering own center of gravity (Fig. 24b). The opponent, obeying the painful effect, loses his balance and, twisting in the spinal column, begins to fall (see pp. 93-97, Fig. 4a - 4g). Final: after the fall, the enemy is dealt a finishing blow (Fig. 24c).

Example 3 (Fig. 25)

Situation (Fig. 25a): the opponent makes a two-handed grab on both wrists in a frontal position.

Solution: the person being released steps with his left foot close to the opponent’s right leg, while simultaneously rotating his own left arm: with the hand down towards himself, and with the elbow up towards the opponent (Fig. 25b). As a result of this movement, the left elbow of the person being released covers the opponent's right hand. Thus, close contact was formed with the enemy in the area of ​​the knee and the pinched forearm. Using the resulting leverage, the person being released squats, pressing his left knee into the opponent’s popliteal fold, and with his left hand directs his elbow behind him and down (Fig. 25c). The right hand goes up, increasing the twisting of the opponent's spinal column. As a result of the imbalance of the system, the enemy falls (see pp. 93-97, Fig. 4a - 4g).

Final: after the enemy falls, you must finish off (Fig. 25d).

11.3. Relief from painful holds on the arm

Example 1 (Fig. 26)

Situation (Fig. 26a): the opponent is trying to apply a painful hold by hyperextending the elbow joint through his forearm. At the same time, he acts on the hand with his forearm from the bottom up, stretching and bending the defender’s arm.

Solution: the defender straightens his back and steps towards the opponent’s leg farthest from him. This movement relieves pressure on the captured arm and reduces pain.

Next, the captured hand begins to rotate inward from the attack side (Fig. 26b) - in this case, clockwise. It is important that the shift occurs with the whole body at the same time, and not with just the shoulders. Thanks to this, a rigid structure is created and the enemy’s center of gravity shifts. Holding tightly to the attacked hand, he limits himself in movements, interferes with himself and, obeying the given movement, begins to fall (Fig. 26c). The defender’s right leg also plays a role, blocking the direction of movement necessary to restore balance.

The defender crouches, continuing to rotate his arm, smoothly twisting it near the surface towards himself (Fig. 26d). The enemy falls.

Final: a knocked down enemy can be finished off or tied up (Fig. 26d).

Example 2 (Fig. 27)

Situation: the opponent is trying to apply a painful lever of the elbow behind the back (Fig. 27a).

Solution: in order to free yourself from the grip, it is necessary to create a closed biokinematic chain, i.e. in this case, grab the forearm or shoulder of the left with your right hand, press your hands tightly to your back and straighten it (Fig. 27b). This action limits the degrees of freedom in the opponent’s hand and creates a painful lever on his elbow joint.

At the same time, you need to step back with your right foot (Fig. 27c) and turn back and to the right with your whole body. Thus, the enemy’s center of gravity shifts and, unable to cope with the loss of balance, he overturns (see pp. 93-97, Fig. 4a - 4g).

Final: after this the enemy can be finished off (Fig. 27d).

Example 3 (Fig. 28)

Situation: the opponent tries to apply a painful lever to the wrist joint, for which he fixes the defender’s elbow with an emphasis on his stomach (Fig. 28a).

Solution: To free yourself, you must step on the attacker with your left foot and turn around to face the enemy, while simultaneously striking the eyes with the fingers of your left hand (Fig. 28b). The attacked hand comes out from the emphasis into the stomach following the turned body (Fig. 28c), which also relieves the painful effect on the hand.

Continuing the started movement, the liberated person rotates behind the stepping right leg, crouches, influencing the enemy according to the principle of a “pair of forces” (“left hand - eyes, right hand - shoulder”) (Fig. 28d). The enemy cannot cope with the loss of stability and falls (see pp. 93-97).

Final: the fallen enemy remains to be finished off (Fig. 28d).

11.4. Release from neck (throat) grabs

Example 1 (Fig. 29)

Situation: the opponent holds a chokehold on the neck (Fig. 29a).

Solution: The choking effect of the grip must be immediately reduced. To do this, you need to grab the attacking hand by the elbow with your left hand and move the opponent’s elbow onto your Adam’s apple. This will reduce the pressure on the carotid artery, which provides the main danger of this seizure. At the same time, grab the opponent by the collar (or hair, shoulder) with your right hand, and then, squatting and straightening your back, restore your own balance (Fig. 29b).

After this, having created a fulcrum in your right shoulder and lifting it, apply the principle of a “pair of forces” (elbow - collar or hair) and begin to overturn the enemy (Fig. 29c).

Final: at the moment of the fall, without breaking contact with the enemy, finish him off (Fig. 29d).

Example 2 (Fig. 30)

Situation: the opponent holds a chokehold on the neck (Fig. 30a).

Solution: The choking effect of the grip must be immediately reduced. To do this, with your right hand, move the bend of the opponent’s elbow onto your Adam’s apple, and with your left hand, grab him (the opponent) by the corner of the jaw (throat, eyelid, corner of the mouth, etc.). At the same time, to restore your stable position, you need to squat down, straightening your back (Fig. 30b). After this, using a “couple of forces” (the elbow grabbed by the right hand - the head) and limiting the enemy’s movements with your extended and deployed knee, begin to overturn him (Fig. 30c).

Final: after the fall the opponent achieves (Fig. 30d).

Example 3 (Fig. 31)

Situation: the opponent grabs the throat with both hands in a frontal position (Fig. 31a).

Solution: it is advisable to strike the painful area (in this case, the solar plexus) (Fig. 31b). After this, grab the opponent’s right elbow with your right hand and at the same time, turning your right leg back, sit down and grab the opponent’s hair with your left hand (Fig. 31c). Next, we “stretch” the enemy in the direction of the applied “couple of forces” (elbow - head) following the stepping left leg of the freed one (Fig. 31d). Final: the opponent who has lost stability and fallen achieves the goal.

Example 4 (Fig. 32)

Situation: the opponent grabs the throat with both hands in a frontal position (Fig. 32a).

Solution: The defender must, by delivering a distracting blow with his right foot, knee-joint the opponent's left leg and, with his left hand, grabbing the forearm, hand, elbow or shoulder of the opponent's right arm, pull him towards you and down. At the same time, turn your body to the left and use your right hand to influence the opponent’s forearm, elbow, shoulder, chin or eyes from yourself upward, i.e. apply a “couple of forces”, in this case: the elbow of the right hand - the shoulder of the left hand (Fig. 32b).

Continuing to squat and turn around, the liberated person finally removes the opponent (his center of gravity) from the equilibrium position, and he begins to fall (Fig. 32c).

Final: the fallen opponent achieves (Fig. 32d).

Example 5 (Fig. 33)

Situation: the opponent grabs the throat with both hands in a frontal position (Fig. 33a).

Solution: the defender strikes the painful area (ears) (Fig. 33b), after which the opponent’s hand is fixed at the point of capture, i.e. a fulcrum is created. At the same time, by rotating the other hand (left) up and down, the tendons of the hand and forearm are pinched (Fig. 33c). In addition, rotating the arm will “switch off” the freedom of the elbow joint and will not allow the arm to bend. These actions are accompanied by a simultaneous turn (in this case: back and to the right) and a squat, lowering the center of gravity (Fig. 33d). The opponent, submitting to the painful effect on the wrist and involved in the movement by turning the freeing body, falls (Fig. 33e) (see pp. 93-97).

Final: the overturned enemy must be finished off.

Thus, the considered examples allow us to identify two main ways of freeing ourselves from grips:

by opening the grips using levers that ensure the application of their own force on a shoulder that is several times greater than the grip arm;

– unbalancing the opponent, disrupting his balance, bringing him into a position that forces him to release the grip to restore balance or self-insurance when falling.

These methods, depending on the situation and the capture option, can be used in pure form or in combination with each other.

It should be noted that a characteristic element of the technique of releasing grips in this system is the use of the energy of movements used to escape from grips in order to carry out further counterattack actions.

11.5. Methodological techniques for better understanding of the topic

During the initial introduction to this topic, the teacher needs to tell students that grips, by their nature and function, are divided into:

– constraining movements,

– painful,

- suffocating.

This is where the methods of their use follow. Next, the teacher, using examples, must demonstrate the practical application of the principles set out in the theoretical part of this book: the use of all three types of levers (levers of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd types), the use of the “pair of forces” principle, the location of pain points and zones of active damage on the body of opponents of various types constitutional make-up. It is necessary to show the methods and directions of efforts that make it possible to pull the joints (primarily the large joints of the hands) from the joint capsules, to explain in detail how the degrees of freedom of the captured limb are limited when using various levers. This is especially important when using various types of painful grips. Trainees should then practice using the grips correctly.

It is advisable to begin releasing from grips by releasing training (from a practical point of view) grips on the hands - with two hands on two wrists, one hand on the wrist (same and opposite grips), two hands on one forearm. In each specific case, the teacher must focus students’ attention on the mechanics of release, the correct use of levers, i.e., demonstrate the location of the fulcrum in the opponent’s grip, the point of application of forces, the shoulder of each of the applied forces, their vector, and then logically continue the theoretical disclosure of the material with practical using methods to throw the enemy off balance. For example, when grabbing the hands, in order to throw the opponent off balance, you need to involve him in the movement by turning your body, combined with a squat to the required level. The direction, angle of turn and level of the squat are selected depending on the grip of the enemy, the distance to him and the position of the bodies. Simultaneously with these movements, it is necessary to grab the opponent’s holding hand (in this case, the hand) and turn off all degrees of freedom in the links of this hand (hand - forearm - shoulder), pulling the joints out of the articular joints and twisting them (wrist - elbow joint - shoulder bag). An important point in these actions is maintaining the stability and geometry of your own stand. Thanks to a stable position and the correct use of movements of one’s own center of gravity, the fighter uses energy most optimally, performing the bulk of the work not with the strength of the arms and muscles of the shoulder girdle, but with the correct use of body weight.

While explaining and demonstrating the mechanics of releasing grips, the teacher should also focus on the use of the “couple of forces” principle, which creates additional torque and ultimately knocks over the opponent.

Such a combination of practical demonstration with theoretical justification of movements allows students to form a “vision” of the correct direction for unbalancing the enemy from the very first lessons.

A mandatory requirement when practicing this issue: the grips must initially be held freely to give your partner the opportunity

“feel” the correct direction of application of effort when controlling the opponent’s body and better understand the application of the laws of mechanics during release.

It is necessary to practice releasing grips no more than 5-7 times per grip in order to eliminate the possibility of the emergence of a rigid dynamic stereotype.

As the educational material is mastered, more “real” grips begin to be introduced into the training work (arms, legs, clothes, head, hair, body, etc.), and grips in such work should also be used as restraining ones. movements, both painful and suffocating.

After students learn how to hold and release grips in a static position, they must immediately move on to practicing the training section in a dynamic version, allocating time in each lesson to consolidate the skill using the “flow” methods and the circular method.

Students must constantly pay attention to key points: lowering their own center of gravity by “planting”, turning off the freedom of the opponent’s joints by twisting along long axes, maintaining freedom of their own movements, flexibility and variability of work.

It is necessary to always refer to the material on pages 93-97 (Fig. 4a - 4g), the diagrams on pages 113, 116. In addition, when demonstrating each technical action, it is necessary to explain and demonstrate levers, fulcrum points, and the direction of the applied forces.

In addition, after the first few lessons, it is advisable to introduce (depending on the speed at which the group masters the topic) additional tactical requirements, namely: impact on painful zones and points, psychological impact. Such influence should be based on one of the basic tactical rules: before you begin to free yourself, you must divert the enemy’s attention with some kind of distracting blow or pinching, shouting or other action.

The teacher must constantly remind students that when gripping and releasing them during training, the impact on

pain areas and points should be mild and short-lived. The effectiveness of the impact should be assessed by the pain experienced by the partner. It is methodologically justified for the partner to signal the occurrence of pain, but not earlier than they approach the threshold of pain tolerance.

In addition to the above, trainees must be constantly required to finish off an overturned, fallen opponent. The last requirement retains its importance both when working on this topic and when working on all subsequent ones. Such a requirement accustoms one to the obligatory completion of hand-to-hand combat to its logical conclusion (until death or temporary incapacitation of the enemy). We must not forget: even a mortally wounded enemy is dangerous.

Hand-to-hand combat techniques include: punches and kicks, throws, holds, painful and choking techniques.

A blow is an instant forceful effect on one or another part of the body.

A throw is a technical action of a fighter, as a result of which the opponent loses balance and falls on the mat, touching its surface with any part of the body other than the feet.

Holding is a technique in which a fighter, for a certain time, forces the opponent to lie with his back to the mat, and presses his body against the opponent’s body, or the opponent’s arms pressed against the body.

A painful hold is a capture of an opponent's arm or leg in a prone fight, which allows for the following actions: bending (lever), rotation - in a joint (knot), pinching tendons or muscles and forces the opponent to admit defeat.

A choke hold is a grip that allows squeezing the carotid arteries and throat of the opponent with the lapels of the jacket, forearm and shoulder, lapel and shin, as a result of which the opponent surrenders or loses consciousness.

Shock technique of hand-to-hand combat

Includes straight punches, side punches, underhand punches, straight kicks, side kicks, side kicks and back kicks with a turn (in an arc)

The striking technique is presented in the block diagram:

Straight punches

Direct punches are most used in hand-to-hand combat. They are relatively simple, fast, accurate and effective.

Direct strikes are intended primarily for long- and medium-range attacks. Direct strikes are also used as counterstrikes, combining with all types of defense. Often direct strikes are used to distract the enemy's attention for the purpose of further attacking with kicks or throwing. They are also used to maintain distance, in order to prevent the opponent from throwing.

Direct left blow to the head. This blow is used especially often in combat, since the path of the left hand in it is the shortest, which allows it to be applied quickly and accurately.

A long straight left strike is used mainly at a long distance for various tactical purposes: it can start a fight before an attack, maintain distance, stop enemy attacks, fill pauses in the fight, thereby maintaining the initiative in your hands.

By delivering a direct blow to the head with his left hand, the fighter runs less risk of receiving a counter blow or the opponent entering into a throw, since his torso is separated from the opponent and is in relative safety.

Direct left blow to the body. This blow is delivered with the torso tilted forward and to the right, thereby protecting the head from unexpected counter blows from the enemy. A direct left blow to the body can be used as the first blow in an attack, as a feint blow that opens the defense of the opponent's head, and as a counter blow.

Direct right hand to the head. This blow is one of the most powerful, since it uses a rotation of the body, combined with a push with the right leg. The right hand, located in the left fighting stance behind, is in a convenient starting position for striking. At the same time, the fist of the right hand, distant from the target, travels quite a long way and it is easy for the enemy to defend himself even from a quick blow. It is not advisable to attack with this blow without preparation.

In order for the strike to successfully reach the target, they first make false strikes with the left hand or foot, revealing the enemy’s defense and helping to choose the moment to attack with the right hand.

Direct right punch to the body. A direct blow to the body is used: as an attacker after preparatory movements with the left arm and leg; as a counter blow followed by grabbing the opponent for a throw; as one blow from a series of blows, allowing one to open the enemy’s defense in order to attack the head with a foot or hand. Kosyachenko V.I. Hand-to-hand combat (training in techniques, techniques and tactics of a duel). M.: Uchitel, 2004.

Side punches

Side kicks get their name from the direction of the punching arm, striking the target from the side. Side blows are delivered from long and medium distances. Often used to reveal the enemy's defenses before an attack.

Left side kick to the head. A left side kick to the head is successfully used by fighters who are fluent with their left hand. Close to the opponent (in a side stance), the left hand takes a shorter path than the right, which makes it possible to strike quickly and accurately. Since the blow is directed directly to the target on the front surface of the head or torso, it is difficult for the opponent to defend against it.

Side left strikes to the head with a step forward with the left foot are used more as attacking strikes. Very often a series of blows begins with them. A side kick can also be used as a feint to reveal the enemy’s defense before launching an attack.

Side left kick to the body. It is applied in an attack in the same way as in the head, but the body is tilted slightly more for the blow. A more collected body position allows you to bring the striking hand closer to the target and give it greater sharpness at the moment of impact.

This blow is taken for various purposes. They can directly launch an attack in order to open the head protection; use in a counterattack as a counter or retaliatory strike.

Side right hand to the head. This blow is rarely used to start an attack. It usually follows a blow (false or real) with the left hand or foot, which opens the opponent's defense.

The left-sided position of the opponent's body in a fighting stance naturally protects his chin from a blow from the side. To open the enemy's defense, false blows are used with the left hand or the right or left leg to the body, forcing the enemy to protect the body and thereby open the head.

Side right punch to the body. This strike is not an offensive strike. If the opponent is in a left-sided stance, it is difficult to perform, since it is easy to damage your hand on the elbow of the opponent's left hand. But a right side kick to the body is used not only in a fight with a left-handed fighter, but also in a fight with a right-handed fighter as a counterpunch in cases where the enemy turns out to be directly or with his right side to the fighter after an unsuccessful attempt to attack with his right hand to the head.

Punches from below

They are used in the torso if the opponent holds his arms high in a stance or, when delivering a blow to the head, misses. On the contrary, it attacks the head at moments when the enemy holds a low stance and tries to grab his legs. You should never start an attack with blows from below, since they can always be overtaken by a counter direct blow.

A blow from below gains strength from a sharp straightening of the body with a simultaneous turn of the body, causing the striking hand to move forward towards the target. At the moment of touching the target with this hand, a short jerk is made in order to increase the sharpness and force of the blow.

When hitting a single blow from below, you should especially carefully use your free hand to cover your head and torso from possible counterattacks from the enemy.

Low blows are most often applied as counter blows to the opponent’s attempt to grab the legs or leg for a subsequent throw. Strikes are performed with a backward or sideways movement, alternately with the left and right hands. The same is done if the opponent in a fighting stance spreads his arms wide to the sides and does not press his elbows to his body.

Low blows to the body are performed with the aim of opening the enemy's defense with a subsequent counterattack to the head; as false blows, in order to perform a grab and throw.

Kicks forward (straight)

Direct kicks to the head are prohibited by the rules of hand-to-hand combat due to their high risk of injury. Direct kicks to the torso can be delivered with full contact.

Direct kicks are performed with the aim of: opening the enemy’s defense in order to subsequently attack the enemy’s head or perform a grab and throw; stop the enemy’s attack and carry out a retaliatory series of strikes; accentuate a blow in a series of blows.

Direct kick is the most frequently performed kick in hand-to-hand combat, since the trajectory of the strike is very short, and in order to perform any defensive actions you need to have time to leave the line of attack.

Straight left kick to the body. The direct blow to the body with the left leg is the shortest, which allows it to be delivered quickly, but it is not strong enough. Mainly used to open the defense of the enemy's head, the blow is very effective in stopping the enemy's attack. Carrying out a blow is made easier by the fact that the body is separated from the opponent and is relatively safe from oncoming blows.

Direct right kick to the body. The strike is most often performed when the opponent changes his stance after a failed attack or stands frontally. Due to the large amplitude, the blow is quite strong and often leads to knockout and knockdown. Kosyachenko V.I. Hand-to-hand combat (training in techniques, techniques and combat tactics). M.: Uchitel, 2004.

Side kicks

Side kicks are the most common kicks used in combat. Full contact blows to the body are allowed, measured blows to the head are allowed.

Side kicks are performed after preliminary preparation of the attack with false and distracting blows.

A side left kick to the head can be performed as a counter kick to the opponent's attack with the left hand or foot. The leg located close to the enemy makes a shorter path to the target than the right one, which makes it possible to strike it quickly and accurately. The strike is often used as a preparatory punch for a subsequent punch or throw attack.

Side kick with the left leg to the body. Performed if the opponent raises his arms high, spreads his elbows to the sides, or after performing distracting punches to the head. The strike is often performed when attacking the enemy with punches, with a step forward - to the right. Due to the short distance that the leg travels to the target during a strike, a strike rarely causes a knockout or knockdown.

Side right kick to the head. It is usually performed in a series of strikes after a strike with the left hand or left foot, revealing the enemy’s defense. Kicks or punches to the torso are often used to open the opponent's head guard and prepare for an attack with a right side kick to the head.

Side right kick to the body. If the opponent is in a left-sided stance, it is difficult to execute. To perform this blow, punches to the head are used to open the defense of the enemy’s torso. Without preparing the strike, due to the large amplitude of the strike, throws are often carried out with the right leg grabbed.

Side kicks

They are rarely carried out in battles due to the fact that when performing a strike it is necessary to completely turn sideways to the enemy, which makes it easier for him to carry out counterattacking actions. Of all the kicks to the side, the most often used is a kick with the left leg to the torso as a counter kick to stop the enemy's attack and as a blow in a series after performing false kicks to the head.

Spinning kicks

These kicks are never performed as single kicks due to the back being turned to the opponent. Strikes are performed by fighters who are proficient in kicking techniques and perform these strikes quickly and forcefully. Performed after preparing an attack with blows that reveal the protection of the torso or head. They are also used when an enemy attack fails or immediately after he completes an attack. Kosyachenko V.I. Hand-to-hand combat (training in techniques, techniques and combat tactics). M.: Uchitel, 2004.

Any fight has its own rules, without knowing which you can easily gain a ton. Hopefully, a few tips will improve your chances of emerging from a sporting or street hand-to-hand fight as unscathed as possible.

Rule 1. “Be water, my friend” - Bruce Lee

The famous master did not give useless advice. Be water. Like her, who takes any form, adapt to the enemy. Study his behavior, but in no way play by his rules. All this skill comes with experience, however, there are also patterned types of behavior against which effective techniques have been invented:

1. If your opponent in hand-to-hand combat takes a defensive stance and behaves passively (he is confident of victory and thinks that he is ready for anything), strike directly at the defense. No, it will cause almost no damage, but your opponent may become confused. Then don’t miss the opportunity to carry out an effective attack.
2. The opponent is aggressive - work with counterattacks. Avoiding the blow and immediately retaliating.
3. If the enemy himself works with counterattacks, deceive him, make a false blow, dodge his response, and immediately hit him again.

Rule 2. Hit to the head-body!

About the good old connection " head-body“fighters often forget during a duel, but this can quickly end the outcome of the fight not in their favor if the enemy uses such a technique. The essence of the pin is that it forces the opponent to shift his defense. A blow to the head - the guard moves higher, opening the body a little. After a couple of combinations, however, it is better to change the direction of the blows to “body-to-head” or switch to other techniques in order to prevent the enemy from getting used to your behavior in hand-to-hand combat.

Rule 3. Stay on your feet

Keep your feet off the ground during attacks. Firstly, this will cause your strikes to lose power, and secondly, the enemy will take advantage of your unstable position. His retaliatory attack can knock you down.

Rule 4. Save energy

This rule can be taken to the first position: due to its neglect, there were too many cases of knockout when the opponent simply “turned off” a tired fighter. Do the opposite. Stay calm, don't rush at your opponent, don't make unnecessary movements. Patience.

Rule 5: Don't hold your breath

This is also a typical mistake. Breathe evenly, as if you were jumping rope or doing other exercises. In a fight, especially a street one, this will help you stay calm.

Rule 6: Keep your eyes on your opponent

“I don’t see = they don’t see me.” Forget it. In battle, the enemy sees you perfectly, and if you take your eyes off him, he will not change his mind about hitting, but will only become even more inspired. Don't you think it's better to see where you got to and what the enemy did in response? The most effective missed shots are the ones you can't see.

Rule 7. A direct blow kills everything!

70% of blows in any hand-to-hand combat should be direct blow, or jab . Change the way you hit:

• Hard or hard
• Double and triple
• Softly, for distraction
• Quickly from half-outstretched arm

The jab is good in almost any situation. When you control the battle, when you need to keep your opponent at a distance, or even just if you don’t know how to work against your opponent: in this case jab- this is something like reconnaissance in force.

Rule 8. Turn the tide of the fight

Don't let your opponent complete the chain of blows: disrupt his plans by hitting him in the cut. With your other hand, protect your head and body. Do not sit back on defense under any circumstances: there will still be missed shots.

Rule 9. Never leave your opponent unpunished

No matter how the hand-to-hand combat proceeds, the enemy does not have the right to carry out a series of blows, retreat, and then begin an attack again. He has no right to give up. Crossing your legs and lifting them off the ground during attacks is the same. He must not close his eyes and lose sight of you. He is forbidden to make mistakes at all, otherwise he will receive punishment in the form of missed blows from you.

Hand to hand combat

150. Hand-to-hand combat classes are aimed at developing the skills necessary to destroy, incapacitate or capture an enemy, self-defense from his attack, as well as developing courage, determination and self-confidence.

151. Hand-to-hand combat classes are conducted in military (sports) uniform, testing only in military uniform:
when training in combat techniques with weapons - on a special site equipped with stationary and portable stuffed animals, targets (braids), portable obstacles (walls, fences, front gardens, inconspicuous obstacles, etc.), trenches, communication passages, dugouts, staircases, house facades with windows, on tactical fields, in guard towns and on obstacle courses;
when training unarmed combat techniques - on a flat grassy area, a specially prepared pit with sand and sawdust, equipped with drainage, or in a gym (on a carpet of mats).

152. The preparatory part of the lesson is carried out with and without weapons. When conducting the preparatory part of a lesson with weapons, it includes: drill techniques, walking and running at different paces, dashes, crawling, performing techniques of preparing for combat and shooting offhand, actions on sudden commands and signals, hand-to-hand combat techniques with weapons, including and against targets (stuffed animals), sets of hand-to-hand combat techniques with a machine gun for 8 or more counts.
The preparatory part of the lesson, conducted without weapons, includes: drill techniques, walking and running at different paces, actions on sudden signals and commands, special movement exercises, sets of hand-to-hand combat techniques for 8 or more counts, exercises for two, hand-to-hand combat techniques and foot, self-insurance techniques, exercises in simple martial arts.

153. The content of the main part of the classes includes (Table 2):
- a set of techniques RB-N (initial) - for conscript military personnel, during the period of improving initial military training (for university cadets - during the period of combined arms training);
- set of techniques RB-1 (general) - for military personnel of all types and branches of the Armed Forces;
- set of techniques RB-2 (special) - for military personnel of units and military units of the airborne troops, marines, motorized rifle units and military units, cadets and students of military educational institutions training specialists for these units;
- set of techniques RB-3 (special) - for military personnel of reconnaissance military units and units, cadets of military educational institutions training specialists for these military units and units.

table 2

Categories of military personnel		RB-1	RB-2	RB-3
Conscripted military personnel during the period of improving initial military training (university cadets - during the period of combined arms training)	All types and branches of the Armed Forces
Conscripted military personnel who served for less than 6 months.		All types and branches of the Armed Forces
Conscripts who have served for 6 months. and more		All types and branches of the Armed Forces
Contract military personnel who have served for less than 6 months.		All types and branches of the Armed Forces
Contract military personnel who have served for less than 1 year (1st year university cadets*)		All types and branches of the Armed Forces
Contract military personnel who have served for 1 year or more (2nd year university cadets)		All types and branches of the Armed Forces		L/s reconnaissance military units, etc.
Contract military personnel who have served for 2 years or more (3rd-5th year university cadets)		All types and branches of the Russian Armed Forces	Airborne Forces, Marine Corps, Motorized Rifle etc.	L/s reconnaissance military units, etc.

* Cadets of military educational institutions training specialists for these units

154. The personnel of subunits and military units of the Airborne Forces, Marine Corps, reconnaissance units and special forces units, along with RB-2 and RB-3 techniques, additionally study hand-to-hand combat techniques under special programs.

155. The main part of the lesson is organized at one or more training places. At the end of the main part of the lesson, comprehensive training is carried out, including in the form of training bouts.

156. The section “Hand-to-Hand Combat” includes the following exercises:

Exercise 26. An initial set of hand-to-hand combat techniques (RB-N).
It includes the following techniques for fighting with a machine gun:
“A thrust with a bayonet (jab with a barrel) without lunging” - point the machine gun with a bayonet (barrel) at the target and hit the enemy with a shock movement of the hands, pull out the bayonet and prepare to fight on the spot or continue moving (Fig. 26).

“A thrust with a bayonet (a thrust with a barrel) with a lunge” - point the machine gun with a bayonet (barrel) at the target with a simultaneous push with the right foot and a lunge with the left with a striking movement of the hands to hit the enemy; pull out the bayonet and push with your left foot to prepare to fight on the spot or continue moving (Fig. 27).

“Strike with the butt from the side” - by moving the weapon with your right hand to the left, and with your left hand towards yourself, while simultaneously turning your body to the left, strike with the angle of the butt. The blow can be delivered from a standing position or with a short step with the standing leg behind (Fig. 28)

“Strike with the butt from below” - moving the weapon forward with the right hand, and with the left hand towards you, while simultaneously turning the body to the left, strike with the angle of the butt. The blow can be delivered from a standstill or with a short step (Fig. 29)

“Strike with the buttplate of the butt” - swing the barrel back over the shoulder, the magazine upwards from yourself, lunge forward (backwards) with the right foot, and with a quick movement of the hands, strike the target with the buttplate (Fig. 30).

“Magazine strike” - strike forward with the magazine, with a quick movement of the arms away from you while simultaneously moving the body forward and straightening the leg standing behind, or with a short step (Fig. 31).

“Protection with the stand of the machine gun” is performed left, right, up and down under the enemy’s blows (Fig. 32)

“Automatic hits” - strike the enemy’s weapon with the end of the barrel or bayonet (to the right, left or down-to-right); after the repulse, carry out a retaliatory attack (Fig. 33).

“Release from the enemy’s capture of the machine gun” - kick the enemy in the groin, turn with your left side to the enemy and, while simultaneously kicking the knee with your left foot, snatch the weapon (Fig. 34).

Exercise 27. General set of hand-to-hand combat techniques (RB-1).

Includes techniques provided by the RB-N complex and additionally the following techniques:
“Hand strikes” - from a ready-to-fight position, push the leg to transfer the weight of the body to the front leg, and with a turn of the body, strike with the fist, elbow or heel of the palm. The blows are applied directly, from the side, from below, or from above (Fig. 35).

“Protection against hand strikes” - perform by hitting the forearm (inside, out), placing the palm under the strike, one or two forearms, diving under the strike, dodging or stepping back. After defending, immediately strike back at the enemy with a hand or foot in a vulnerable spot (Fig. 36).

“Kicks” - from the ready-to-fight position, transfer the weight of the body to the front leg and, with a short swing of the other leg, strike with the toe of the shoe or the knee from below, with the foot straight, with the heel on top, lifting the foot from the side, with the foot back, with the edge of the sole of the shoe to the side (Fig. 37).

“Protection against a kick” - perform it by standing under the kick of the foot (heel, thigh), by standing under the blow of two forearms, and kicking the forearm downwards and outwards. After defending, immediately strike back at the enemy with a hand or foot in a vulnerable spot (Fig. 38)

“Strikes with an infantry shovel” - applied from a right-handed position for battle from above, from the side and backhand. Perform a poke with a shovel with a lunge with your right foot (Fig. 39).

“Infantry shovel hits” - hit the enemy’s weapon with a shovel to the right, left, down-right, up. Following the parry, strike back with a shovel (Fig. 40).

“Disarming the enemy when thrusting with a bayonet while moving to the left” - with a step to the left and a turn of the body to the right, hit with the forearm and grab the weapon, with a step forward, grab the weapon with the other hand, while simultaneously hitting the knee with the left foot, snatch the weapon (Fig. 41).

“Disarming the enemy when thrusting with a bayonet and moving to the right” - with a step to the right and a turn of the body to the left, hit with the forearm and grab the weapon, with a step forward, grab the weapon with the other hand, and at the same time kick the right foot to the knee to snatch the weapon (Fig. 42).

“Disarming the enemy when striking with an infantry shovel from above or from the right” - with a step forward, defend yourself with the forearm up under the enemy’s armed hand on the backswing, with the other hand grab the handle of the shovel from the outside, strike with your foot, disarm the enemy by twisting the shovel towards the thumb, and strike hit the opponent's head with a shovel (Fig. 43).

“Disarming the enemy when striking with an infantry shovel backhand or with a poke” - with a step forward to the side and turning towards the enemy, defend yourself by placing both forearms under the enemy’s armed hand in a swing and grab it, strike with your foot, grab the handle of the shovel from above with your right hand, disarm the enemy by twisting shovel towards the thumb, and strike the enemy on the head with the shovel (Fig. 44).

Exercise 28. A special set of hand-to-hand combat techniques (RB-2).

Includes techniques provided by the RB-1 complex, and additionally the following techniques:
“Stabs with a knife” - are applied from the ready position for battle with a quick striking movement of the armed hand from above, below, from the side, straight, backhand (Fig. 45).

“Cutting blows with a knife” - are applied from the ready position for battle with a quick movement of the armed hand horizontally, vertically and diagonally (Fig. 46).

“Disarming the enemy when striking with a knife from below or directly” - with a step forward and to the side, defend yourself with the support of the forearm with your left (right) hand down, stop the blow and grab the armed hand by the wrist, pull it to the right (left) away from you and strike the base with your right (left) ) palm the back of the opponent’s hand to knock out the knife (Fig. 47).

“Releasing the opponent’s neck from behind” - squatting, grab the opponent’s hand(s) and turn his head to the side, strike the shin with the heel, release the grip with a sharp upward movement of the arms, strike with the hand (foot) (Fig. 48).

“Releasing the opponent’s grip on the neck (clothing) in front” - strike with a foot (knee), connecting your fists together and spreading your elbows to the side, strike from the bottom up between the opponent’s hands and free yourself from the grip, strike with your hand (foot) (Fig. 49 ).

The personnel of the reconnaissance units of the Airborne Forces, along with RB-2 techniques, additionally study techniques from the RB-3 complex and hand-to-hand combat techniques according to special programs.

Exercise 29. A special set of hand-to-hand combat techniques (RB-3).

Includes techniques provided by the RB-2 complex and additionally the following techniques:

“Bending the arm behind the back” - grab the opponent’s hand with your hand, with the other hand - on top of the clothes at the elbow and kick; throw the opponent off balance by jerking him towards you, bend his arm at the elbow joint, and then move it behind his back; strike the neck with the edge of your palm, grab the collar (near the shoulder), hair or helmet with your hand, and holding it with painful pressure, escort the enemy. To tie, throw the opponent to the ground, sit on him, strike him on the head, press the captured hand tightly and bend the other hand (Fig. 50).

“Lever of the hand outward” - grab the opponent’s hand with both hands from below, strike with the foot; raising the captured hand up, bend the hand towards the forearm, and twisting the hand outward, jerk to the side to knock the opponent to the ground; kick, move your arm behind your back and sit on top of the opponent, bend your other arm, tie it (Fig. 51).

“Inward arm lever” - grab the opponent’s forearm with both hands from above and outside, kick in the shin or groin; jerking your arm inward to throw the opponent off balance, bring his shoulder under your shoulder and, pressing with it, knock the opponent down; pressing your hand on the elbow joint, move your hand to a bend behind your back and sit on top of the opponent, bend the other arm; tie (Fig. 52).

“Strangulation from behind” - sneak up on the opponent from behind, grab the head with your hand and, at the same time, kick the knee in the popliteal fold, pull the head towards yourself; With the forearm of the other hand, grab the neck with a grip on the forearm from above, join your hands and, turning to the left (right), push the enemy onto your back, choke (Fig. 53).

“Front step” - from the starting position (right-sided preparation for combat), grab the opponent’s right arm by the clothing above the elbow with your left hand, and with your right hand grab the opponent’s left arm by the waist belt or clothing on the back; turning to the left with your back to the opponent, stand in a position so that your right leg overlaps his right leg, and the left is outside his left leg, transfer the weight of the body to the half-bent left leg; with a jerk of the arms, simultaneously straightening the left leg, throw the opponent to the ground and kick (Fig. 54).

“Throw over the back” - with a step forward, grab the opponent’s hand, with a jerk towards yourself, turn your back to him on bent legs and bring your shoulder under the opponent’s arm, grab it with your other hand; straightening your legs and leaning forward, knock the opponent under your hips with your pelvis, throw your arms down to the ground, and kick (Fig. 55).

“Throw with leg grabs and suffocation” - sneak up on the opponent from behind and grab his legs below the knees with your hands; pushing him with your shoulder under the buttocks, jerk your legs upward, throw the enemy to the ground and, without releasing your legs, strike him in the groin or stomach with the toe of your shoe. Jump to sit on the opponent's lower back, placing your left leg on your knee and your right foot on the ground in front of you (under the opponent's shoulder), strike to the head, pull the head back with one hand and place the forearm of the other hand on the front of the neck; join hands and perform strangulation. If the opponent resists, roll onto his back, clasping his torso with your legs at waist level, connect them and, straightening your legs, continue strangling with your hands and feet (Fig. 56).

“Disarming the enemy when thrusting with a bayonet while moving to the right” - with a step or jump, move away from the thrust to the right, turning the body to the left, knock off the barrel of the enemy’s weapon with the left hand and grab it; simultaneously strike with a backhand to the face (throat), and with the right foot - under the foot of the enemy’s front leg, with a kick, snatch the weapon and strike the enemy with the butt (Fig. 57).

"Disarming an enemy when stabbed with a knife":
directly - beat the enemy’s armed hand inward with your forearm and grab him by the hand with both hands, kick him, move the arm lever outward, disarm him (Fig. 58);

from above - to defend yourself by placing the forearm of your left hand up under the enemy’s armed hand on the backswing, grab the enemy’s forearm from above with the other hand, strike with your foot, move the arm lever inward, disarm (Fig. 59);

from below - with a step forward, meet the enemy’s armed hand with the forearm resting down, grabbing the clothing at the elbow with the other hand from above, and kick in the groin or knee; bend your arm behind your back and disarm the enemy (Fig. 60);

backhand - with a step forward - to the side and turning towards the enemy, defend yourself by placing your forearms under your armed hand, grab the forearm from above with your hands and kick; move the hand lever inward, disarm (Fig. 61).

"Disarming an enemy when threatened with a pistol":
when trying to take a pistol out of a holster (pocket) - with a step (lunge) forward, insert your hand between the forearm and the opponent’s torso, grab it from the outside with the other hand (join your hands in a lock), strike with your knee, bend your arm behind your back, disarm (Fig. 62);

when trying to get a pistol from the belt of trousers (holster in front) - with a step (lunge) with your foot forward, grab the enemy’s hand, strike with your foot, move the arm lever outward and disarm (Fig. 63);

point-blank in front - with a step forward to the side (leaning to the left), use your left forearm to knock the enemy’s armed hand inward, and with a turn of the body, move away from the direction of fire, grab the enemy’s armed hand, strike with a foot, move the lever of the arm outward, disarm (Fig. 64) ;

point-blank from behind - with a turn to the right, in a circle, beat off the enemy's armed hand with your forearm and grab it with both hands from the front from above, strike with your foot, move the arm lever inward, disarm (Fig. 65).

"Release from enemy capture":
neck in front (clothes on the chest) - strike the enemy with the right forearm from below on the arm, grab his hand with both hands (with the right hand on the wrist from above, with the left hand the forearm of the enemy’s right hand from below), strike with the foot and move the lever of the arm inside, tie (Fig. 66);

back of the neck - crouching, grab the opponent’s hand(s) and turn his head to the side; strike with your heel on the shin, with a sharp upward movement of your hands to free yourself from the grip; holding the opponent’s hand(s), throw over the back, kick (Fig. 67);

torso with arms behind - strike the enemy with a heel on the shin (foot) or with the back of the head in the face; crouching, free yourself from the grip, grab his hand by the forearm with one hand, strike him in the stomach with your elbow, grab him by the shoulder with the other hand, throw him over the back; kick (Fig. 68);

torso from behind - strike with a heel in the shin, grab the opponent’s hand by the hand and elbow, turning, bend the arm behind the back (Fig. 69);

front torso - grab the opponent by the clothes from above, kick him in the groin or head him in the face; break the grip with a step back with your left foot; turning to the left with your back to the opponent, perform a front trip; kick (Fig. 70);

torso with arms in front - grab the enemy by the clothes on his back with both hands, kick him in the groin or head him in the face; break the grip with a step back with your left foot; turning to the left with your back to the opponent, perform a front trip; kick (Fig. 71);

legs in front - strike from above with your hand on the head, grab the back of the head with one hand from above, and the chin from below with the other, take a step back and jerk your head, knock down the enemy (Fig. 72);

legs from behind - falling forward on your hands, pull one leg out of the grip and strike the enemy with it (Fig. 73).

"Binding the Enemy":
with a rope - throw the opponent to the ground and bend his arms behind his back; put the rope in a loop around the wrist of his left hand, pass it under the neck (or the right shoulder under the chest, passing it into the elbow bend of the left hand) and tie the wrists of both hands (Fig. 74);

with trouser and waist belts - throw the opponent to the ground and bend his arms behind his back; tie the hands with a trouser belt, pass the waist belt under the neck and tie it to the trouser belt (Fig. 75);

with a trouser belt or rope - throw the opponent to the ground face down, bend and cross his legs, put his hands behind his back; tie the right hand to the left leg, and the left hand to the right leg (Fig. 76);

stick - knock the opponent to the ground, insert the stick into the sleeves of the jacket behind the back and tie the wrists to it, or tie the opponent’s arms and legs in front and insert the stick into the elbow and popliteal folds of the tied arms and legs (Fig. 77).

a point-blank search against a wall - force the enemy to spread his legs wide, lean forward and lean on the wall or ground with straight arms and, threatening with a weapon, carry out a search (Fig. 78).

search in a bent position - force the enemy to take the “bent position” position (legs apart, hands together) and, threatening with a weapon, carry out a search (Fig. 79).

search while lying on the ground - force the enemy to lie face down on the ground, arms to the sides, legs together and, threatening with a weapon (turning him over on his back), carry out a search (Fig. 80).

“escorting in a painful hold” - bend your arm behind your back, grab the helmet (hair, clothes on the opponent’s opposite shoulder), pull him towards you and, holding him, force him to follow in the right direction (Fig. 81).

“Escorting at gunpoint” - threatening with a firearm and being at a distance of 2 - 5 m from the enemy, thereby depriving him of the opportunity to use disarming techniques, accompany him in the right direction (Fig. 82).

“Throwing a knife with a grip on the blade” - from ready to fight, holding the knife by the blade with the tip of the blade outward from the palm, move it to swing back and up (through the bottom); pushing your body weight forward (with a lunge with your left leg or with a step with your right), send the knife to the target with a quick movement of your hand. Throw a knife (bayonet) at a target from a distance of 1.5-3 m (Fig. 83).

“Throwing a knife with a grip on the handle” - do it in the same way - holding the knife (bayonet-knife) by the handle (with the tip of the blade inward), swing your armed hand up and back over the shoulder (from below), move it back; pushing your body weight forward (with a lunge with your left leg or with a step forward with your right), send the knife to the target with a quick movement of your hand. Throw a knife (bayonet) at a target from a distance of 2 - 3.5 m (Fig. 84).

“Throwing an infantry shovel” - from ready for battle, holding the shovel by the far third of the handle with the blade forward and upward, the handle along the axis of the forearm, after the swing, releasing the handle from the palm, send the shovel to the target (Fig. 85).

Exercise 30.

“Two” - Perform a rebound upward with your left hand and a straight forward strike with your right hand.
"Three" - Perform a forward kick with the right foot, straight or from below.
“Four” - With a 90° turn and a step of the right foot, perform a backhand kick to the left side with the edge of the palm of the right hand.
“Five” - With a step back with your right foot, perform a beating inward with your left hand.
“Six” - With a step forward with your right foot, strike with your right fist forward from above.
“Seven” - Perform a straight forward kick with your left foot and assume a left-handed stance for the fight.
“Eight” - Take a marching stance with a step with your left foot and turn to the left.

Exercise 31.

The starting position is a combat stance.
“One” - Step forward with your left foot to prepare for battle.
“Two” - Perform a beating to the right with the barrel of the machine gun and a thrust with a bayonet (poke with the barrel) with a lunge with the left foot.
“Three” - With a step back with your right foot, strike straight back with the butt plate.
“Four” - Turning on your left foot to the right, with a step back with your right foot, hit it to the left with the barrel of the machine gun.
“Five” - With a short step forward with your right foot, perform a side kick with the butt.
“Six” - Turn in a circle over your left shoulder, putting your right leg back, protect yourself with the stand of your machine gun from a blow from below.
“Seven” - With a step forward with the right foot, perform a strike with the magazine forward straight and - a chopping strike with the bayonet (barrel) from the left - down to the right.
“Eight” - Take a marching stance with your right foot and turn to the right.

157. Prevention of injuries during hand-to-hand combat classes is ensured by:
- compliance with the established sequence of techniques, actions and exercises, optimal intervals and distances between students when performing combat techniques with weapons;
- correct use of belay and self-insurance techniques;
- the use of knives (bayonets) with sheaths on them or mock-ups of knives, infantry shovels, machine guns;
- carrying out techniques and throws with the support of a partner by the hand and performing them from the middle of the mat (sand pit) to the edge;
- smooth execution of painful techniques, suffocation and disarming, without the use of great force (at the partner’s signal in the voice “IS”, immediately stop performing the technique);
- strict adherence to the rules for the use of imitation means.

Strikes when performing techniques with a partner in the absence of protective equipment only need to be indicated.